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     Vol. 29, issue 3 September - December 2023   Creative Commons License

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     Vol. 29, issue 3 September - December 2023  

 
  

Automatic identification of avocado fruit diseases based on machine learning and chromatic descriptors

Identificación automática de enfermedades en frutos de aguacate con base en máquinas de aprendizaje y descriptores cromáticos

Keywords: Persea americana, Sphaceloma perseae, Colletotrichum spp., machine learning, artificial intelligence

10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.04.002

Received: 2023-03-24
Accepted: 2023-07-24
Available online: 2023-09-04
Pages:

Timely identification of phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops is essential to reduce production losses. Artificial intelligence algorithms facilitate their rapid and reliable identification. In this research, three learning classifiers, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were evaluated to identify three target classes (healthy fruit, anthracnose [Colletotrichum spp.] and scab [Sphaceloma perseae]) from digital fruit images. Two color descriptor extraction techniques (region selection and image subsampling) were compared with the RF classifier, and an overall classification accuracy (ACC) of 98±0.03 % with region selection and 84±0.08 % with subsampling was obtained. Subsequently, the classifiers were evaluated with color descriptors extracted with region selection. RF and MLP were superior to SVM, with an ACC of 98±0.03 %. Scab and anthracnose were identified with an F1 score of 98 %. %. The high performance of the classifiers shows the potential for applying artificial intelligence paradigms to identify phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops.

....

Timely identification of phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops is essential to reduce production losses. Artificial intelligence algorithms facilitate their rapid and reliable identification. In this research, three learning classifiers, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were evaluated to identify three target classes (healthy fruit, anthracnose [Colletotrichum spp.] and scab [Sphaceloma perseae]) from digital fruit images. Two color descriptor extraction techniques (region selection and image subsampling) were compared with the RF classifier, and an overall classification accuracy (ACC) of 98±0.03 % with region selection and 84±0.08 % with subsampling was obtained. Subsequently, the classifiers were evaluated with color descriptors extracted with region selection. RF and MLP were superior to SVM, with an ACC of 98±0.03 %. Scab and anthracnose were identified with an F1 score of 98 %. %. The high performance of the classifiers shows the potential for applying artificial intelligence paradigms to identify phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops.

....
 

Solanum demissum Lindl. en el mejoramiento genético de la papa

Solanum demissum Lindl. en el mejoramiento genético de la papa

Gabriela Díaz-García; Guillermo Andrés Enciso-Maldonado; Héctor Lozoya-Saldaña

Keywords:

10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.01.001

Received: 2022-12-19
Accepted: 2023-08-16
Available online: 2023-09-04
Pages:

 

First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 as causal agent of vascular wilt of watermelon in Mexico

Primer reporte de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum raza 1 como agente causal de la marchitez vascular de la sandía en México

Irasema Vargas-Arispuro; Irene Iliana Ramírez-Bustos; Alda Alejandra Arratia-Castro; Daniel Bárcena-Santana; Ernesto Fernández-Herrera

Keywords: Citrullus lanatus, races, Fon-1/Fon2, FONSIX6F/FONSIX6R, FNR3-F/FNR3-R

10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.014

Received: 2022-10-01
Accepted: 2023-05-30
Available online: 2023-07-25
Pages:47-57

Vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum [Fon]) is the main fungal disease of watermelon crops worldwide and can be caused by any of the four known races of this fungus (race 0, 1, 2 and 3). In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of any of these races. The presence of plants with wilt and vascular necrosis has been observed in commercial watermelon plantations in the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, mainly during the spring-summer growing seasons. The aim of this study was to identify the Fon race causing vascular wilt in watermelon plants in Hermosillo, Sonora. Three fungal isolates were collected from symptomatic plants. Based on their morphological characteristics, DNA amplification of the isolates (with specific primers Fon-1/Fon-2, FONSIX6F/FONSIX6R and FNR3-F/FNR3-R, which allow differentiating Fon race 1, 2 and 3) and inoculation into three differential watermelon cultivars, the three isolates (UESFON01, UESFON02 and UESFON03) were identified as F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report where F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1 is identified as the causal agent of wilt, vascular necrosis and plant death in watermelon crops in Mexico.

....

Vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum [Fon]) is the main fungal disease of watermelon crops worldwide and can be caused by any of the four known races of this fungus (race 0, 1, 2 and 3). In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of any of these races. The presence of plants with wilt and vascular necrosis has been observed in commercial watermelon plantations in the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, mainly during the spring-summer growing seasons. The aim of this study was to identify the Fon race causing vascular wilt in watermelon plants in Hermosillo, Sonora. Three fungal isolates were collected from symptomatic plants. Based on their morphological characteristics, DNA amplification of the isolates (with specific primers Fon-1/Fon-2, FONSIX6F/FONSIX6R and FNR3-F/FNR3-R, which allow differentiating Fon race 1, 2 and 3) and inoculation into three differential watermelon cultivars, the three isolates (UESFON01, UESFON02 and UESFON03) were identified as F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report where F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1 is identified as the causal agent of wilt, vascular necrosis and plant death in watermelon crops in Mexico.

....
 

Transportadores de azúcar en las interacciones planta-hongos endófitos benéficos y planta-nematodos fitopatógenos

Transportadores de azúcar en las interacciones planta-hongos endófitos benéficos y planta-nematodos fitopatógenos

Luis Yobani Gayosso-Rosales; Reyna Isabel Rojas-Martínez; Stefan de Folter; Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez; Manuel Silva-Valenzuela; Emma Zavaleta-Mejía

Keywords: Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), sucrose transporter (SUT), tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (TMT), vacuolar glucose transporter (VGT), Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera schachtii, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.016

Received: 2022-10-19
Accepted: 2023-06-26
Available online: 2023-07-25
Pages:59-78

The transport of sugars, a product of photosynthesis, involves the distribution of carbohydrates from synthesis organs, such as leaves, to the tissues of demand organs such as roots, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds. Their mobilization occurs through the plasmodesmata or apoplast by means of membrane transporters, which are proteins encoded by the so-called sugar transporter genes. Their expression in plants is modified by the presence of microorganisms that colonize them. Studies on their expression in plantnematode interactions are relatively recent, and in plant-beneficial endophyte fungus interactions they have been carried out mainly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this review, information on the current state of knowledge of sugar transporters in plantendophyte fungus and plant-nematode interactions is summarized.

....

The transport of sugars, a product of photosynthesis, involves the distribution of carbohydrates from synthesis organs, such as leaves, to the tissues of demand organs such as roots, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds. Their mobilization occurs through the plasmodesmata or apoplast by means of membrane transporters, which are proteins encoded by the so-called sugar transporter genes. Their expression in plants is modified by the presence of microorganisms that colonize them. Studies on their expression in plantnematode interactions are relatively recent, and in plant-beneficial endophyte fungus interactions they have been carried out mainly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this review, information on the current state of knowledge of sugar transporters in plantendophyte fungus and plant-nematode interactions is summarized.

....
 

GENETIC PARAMETERS OF THE HUSK TOMATO (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) CHF1 CULTIVAR

Aureliano Peña-Lomelí;José D. Molina-Galán;Jaime Sahagún-Castellanos;J. Ortíz-Cereceres;F. Márquez-Sánchez;T. Cervantez-Santana;J.F. Santiaguillo-Hernández

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.11.046

Received: 2006-11-08
Accepted: 2007-08-14
Available online: 2016-07-01

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ON-FARM GENETIC DIVERSITY AND CROPPING SYSTEM OF Phaseolus vulgaris AND Vigna unguiculata AT THE CHONTALPA REGION IN TABASCO, MÉXICO

Luz del C. Lagunes-Espinoza;F. Gallardo-López;H. Becerril-Hernández;E.D. Bolaños-Aguilar

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.11.047

Received: 2006-11-08
Accepted: 2007-08-14
Available online: 2016-07-01

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PLANT PHENOLOGY, YIELD AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACH (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) ANA CULTIVAR SELECTIONS AT AGUASCALIENTES

F. Gutierrez-Acosta;José Saúl Padilla Ramírez;Luís Reyes Muro

10.5154/r.rchsh.2007.05.026

Received: 2007-05-14
Accepted: 2007-08-06
Available online: 2016-07-01

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AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF THE BIOSOLIDS AND INLFLUENCE IN THE TOMATO CROP (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL)

E. Utria-Borges;J.A. Cabrera-Rodriguez;I.M. Reynaldo-Escobar;D. Morales-Guevara;A.M. Fernández;E. Toledo-Toledo

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.02.009

Received: 2006-02-04
Accepted: 2007-05-16
Available online: 2016-01-01

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SAPOTE MAMEY FRUITS (Pouteria sapota), IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION OF MORELOS

A. Gaona-García;Irán Alia-Tejacal;Víctor López-Martínez;María Andrade-Rodríguez;Ma. Teresa Colinas-León;Oscar Gabriel Villegas-Torres

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.02.013

Received: 2006-02-14
Accepted: 2007-06-26
Available online: 2016-07-01

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WATER DEFICIT AND CROP LOAD EFFECTS ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF APPLE

Rafael Parra-Quezada;T.L. Robinson;J. Osborne;L.B. Parra-Bujanda

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.02.014

Received: 2006-02-14
Accepted: 2007-06-26
Available online: 2016-07-01

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NITRIC NUTRITION, AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS EFFECTS ON STRAWBERRY (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) FLAVOR

L.A. Ojeda-Real;R. Cárdenas-Navaro;Phillipe Lobbit;O. Grageda-Cabrera;E. Valencia-Cantero;L. Macías-Rodriguez

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.02.015

Received: 2006-02-14
Accepted: 2007/08/30
Available online: 2016-07-01

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EFFECT OF ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID AND Bacillus subtilis ON Cucumber mosaic virus GOURD INFECTION

E. Maldonado-Cruz;Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez;Bertha Tlapal-Bolaños

10.5154/r.rchsh.2007.02.010

Received: 2007-02-12
Accepted: 2007-08-28
Available online: 2016-07-01

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RIPENING SEASON AND FRUIT QUALITY OF APPLE GENOTYPES AT CADEREYTA, QUERETARO

D. Mendoza-González;Ramón Álvar Martínez-Peniche;M.R. Fernández-Montes;Agustín Rumayor-Flores;E. Castillo-Castañeda

10.5154/r.rchsh.2007.02.011

Received: 2007-02-19
Accepted: 2007-09-11
Available online: 2016-07-01

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SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES EVALUATION FOR DOWNY MILDEW CONTROL (Pseudoperonospora cubensis Berk. & Curt.) Rost. ON CANTALOUPE MELON (Cucumis melo L.)

E. Ruíz-Sánchez;J.M. Tún-Suárez;L.L. Pinzón-López;G. Valerio-Hernández;M.J. Zavala-León

10.5154/r.rchsh.2005.09.034

Received: 2005-09-07
Accepted: 2007-09-28
Available online: 2016-07-01

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HARVEST DELAY IN CACTUS PEAR cv. CRISTALINA

Jorge Alberto Zegbe-Dominguez;Jaime Mena-Covarrubias

10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.02.016

Received: 2006-02-14
Accepted: 2007-09-28
Available online: 2016-07-01

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‘AUTUMN BLISS’ RED RASPBERRY PHENOLOGY AT GUERRERO, CHIHUAHUA STATE, MEXICO

Rafael Parra-Quezada;M.R. Ramírez-Legarreta;Juan Luis Jacobo-Cuellar;Jesús Guadalupe Arreola-Ávila

10.5154/r.rchsh.2007.04.024

Received: 2007-04-23
Accepted: 2007-10-03
Available online: 2016-07-01

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