Evaluación de atrayentes para la mosca negra del higo (Silba adipata McAlpine, 1956) en condiciones de laboratorio

Abstract

The black fig fly (Silba adipata McAlpine, 1956) is one of the main pests affecting fig (Ficus carica L.) production in Mexico, causing yield losses of up to 88 %. Chemical control has shown limited effectiveness against this pest; therefore, an alternative for reducing its incidence is the use of traps baited with attractants. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate potential attractants for the black fig fly under laboratory conditions. Three trap designs were tested, and it was determined that designs I and II, composed of interconnected acetate cubes with different dimensions, were suitable for attractant evaluation. Six crude extracts (hexanic, methanolic, and aqueous) obtained from fig and apple fruits, as well as a control treatment (ammonium sulfate and apple), were tested in traps containing attractants. The attractant potential was assessed based on the number of flies captured. The control treatment showed the highest effectiveness, capturing 28.20 % of the flies in trap design II and 29.59 % in trap design I, followed by the methanolic extract of apple, with captured 23.17 % in design II and 26.10 % design I. The aqueous extract of fig captured 20.46 % of the flies in trap design I and 23.17 % in trap design II, making it the third most effective attractant. In contrast, both the hexanic extract of fig and the aqueous extract of apple were the least effective attractants, with 0 % captures.