The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of male goats with a different body condition score (BCS) and treated with testosterone at the end of the low sexual activity period in northern Mexico (26° N). Adult male goats (n=12) with a different BCS were divided into two groups (n=6 each, HBCS: High body condition score; 2.2 ± 0.1 and LBCS: Low body condition score; 1.6 ± 0.1) maintained for nine weeks (February 29 to April 31). Both groups received 25 mg of testosterone, applied intramuscularly every other day for 21 days. BCS (range: 1-4), intensity of sexual odor (range: 0-3), scrotal circumference, blood glucose and seminal quality were recorded weekly. In addition, sexual behavioral tests were conducted in each male, quantifying both appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors. Increased (P < 0.05) performance was shown by the HBCS group regarding seminal quality, scrotal circumference, and blood glucose. Likewise, the LBCS group showed fewer appetitive behaviors (P < 0.001) than the HBCS group (57.6 vs. 42.3 %), as well as consummatory behaviors (72.2 vs. 27.7 %). In conclusion, an increase in BCS in male goats treated with testosterone improves scrotal circumference, sexual odor, blood glucose, seminal quality and appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors.
