Keywords
pandemic
Social Exclusion
Health Policy
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has unleashed an economic crisis that mainly affects people with less income. The mortality of COVID-19 depends on various social, cultural and physical factors of individuals; studies have shown that large-scale disasters such as the pandemic affect the health of marginalized communities. Rural communities in Mexico are vulnerable and need to be studied to reduce COVID-19 mortality. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze some health and poverty factors influencing an increase in COVID-19 mortality in Mexican rural communities. The research is quantitative, data from January 1 to October 2, 2020 from the Dirección Nacional de Epidemiología were used to carry out this analysis; a total of 188 municipalities in Mexico were analyzed that are considered rural according to INEGI, with these data a predictive mortality model was elaborated. The most important results show that the coefficients of the log-linear regression models of some health and poverty factors that influence COVID-19 mortality are: Intubated (4.03 for men over 80), Diabetes (3.19 for men under 60), Other Complications (3.36 and 4.75 for men over 80 and under 60 respectively), Another case (0.57, 0.73 and 0.65 for women per age group), similarly the coefficients of poverty are: Lack of Health Services (0.72 and 0.41 for men and women over 80, respectively). It is concluded that in rural communities age is the most important factor for the increase in mortality, although it is higher in men over 80.
References
Abedi, V., Olulana, O., Avula, V., Chaudhary, D., Khan, A., Shahjouei, S., … Zand, R. (2020). Racial, Economic, and Health Inequality and COVID-19 Infection in the United States. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00833-4
Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Khan, M. A., Nassani, A. A., Alotaibi, S. M., Qazi Abro, M. M., … Zaman, K. (2020). Does communicable diseases (including COVID-19) may increase global poverty risk? A cloud on the horizon. Environmental Research, 187(May), 109668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109668
Bray, I., Gibson, A., & White, J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 mortality: a multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution. Public Health, 185, 261–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.056
Buheji, M., da Costa Cunha, K., Beka, G., Mavrić, B., Leandro do Carmo de Souza, Y., Souza da Costa Silva, S., … Chetia Yein, T. (2020). The Extent of COVID-19 Pandemic Socio-Economic Impact on Global Poverty. A Global Integrative Multidisciplinary Review. American Journal of Economics, 10(4), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.economics.20201004.02
Cardoso, E. H. S., Silva, M. S. Da, De Albuquerque Felix Junior, F. E., De Carvalho, S. V., De Carvalho, A. C. P. D. L. F., Vijaykumar, N., & Frances, C. R. L. (2020). Characterizing the Impact of Social Inequality on COVID-19 Propagation in Developing Countries. IEEE Access, 8, 172563–172580. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3024910
Cartenì, A., Di Francesco, L., & Martino, M. (2020). How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study. Science of the Total Environment, 741, 140489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140489
Cheng, K. J. G., Sun, Y., & Monnat, S. M. (2020). COVID-19 Death Rates Are Higher in Rural Counties With Larger Shares of Blacks and Hispanics. Journal of Rural Health, 36(4), 602–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12511
CONEVAL. (2015). CONSULTA DINÁMICA DE RESULTADOS DE POBREZA A NIVEL MUNICIPIO 2010 Y 2015. Retrieved from https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/Paginas/consulta_pobreza_municipal.aspx
Cortés, F., Catalán, H. N., Chanes, D. V., & Cruz, S. V. (2020). Las relaciones sociales y la difusión del contagio municipal por el. Economía UNAM, 17(51), 418–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22201/fe.24488143e.2020.51.577
Díaz de León-Martínez, L., de la Sierra-de la Vega, L., Palacios-Ramírez, A., Rodriguez-Aguilar, M., & Flores-Ramírez, R. (2020). Critical review of social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population and their capacity to respond to the COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 733, 139357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139357
Feinhandler, I., Cilento, B., Beauvais, B., Harrop, J., & Fulton, L. (2020). Predictors of Death Rate during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare, 8(3), 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030339
Ibrahim, M. E., AL-Aklobi, O. S., Abomughaid, M. M., & Al-Ghamdi, M. A. (2020). Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings for patients of different age groups with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. MedRXiv. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.21.20217083
Karaye, I. M., & Horney, J. A. (2020). The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(3), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.006
Khan, K. S., Torpiano, G., McLellan, M., & Mahmud, S. (2020). The impact of socioeconomic status on 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Journal of Medical Virology, (July), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26371
Klassen, S., & Murphy, S. (2020). Equity as both a means and an end: Lessons for resilient food systems from COVID-19. World Development, 136, 105104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105104
Mejia, R., Hotez, P., & Bottazzi, M. E. (2020). Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Current Tropical Medicine Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00209-y
OMS. (2020). Coronavirus. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
Ortiz-Hernández, L., & Pérez-Sastré, M. A. (2020). Inequidades sociales en la progresión de la COVID-19 en población mexicana. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 44, 1. https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.106
Patel, J. A., Nielsen, F. B. H., Badiani, A. A., Assi, S., Unadkat, V. A., Patel, B., … Wardle, H. (2020). Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable. Public Health, 183, 110–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.006
Ponce, P., Loaiza, V., De, M., & Bollain-parra, L. (2020). Efecto de la desigualdad y la actividad económica en el COVID-19 en Ecuador : un bosquejo de sus posibles determinantes económicos , sociales y demográficos. 65(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2020.3044
Rath, S., Tripathy, A., & Tripathy, A. R. (2020). Prediction of new active cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using multiple linear regression model. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(5), 1467–1474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.045
Secretaría de Salud. (2020). Datos Abiertos Dirección General de Epidemiología. Retrieved from https://www.gob.mx/salud/documentos/datos-abiertos-152127
Sosa, M., Ortiz, E., & Cabello, A. (2020). Impacto del rezago social en el número de muertes y contagios por COVID-19 en México : análisis con redes neuronales artificiales empleando información a nivel municipal Mexico : Artificial neural network analysis employing municipal information. 65(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2020.3020
Unicef. (2020). FACT SHEET: Handwashing with soap, critical in the fight against coronavirus, is ‘out of reach’ for billions. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/fact-sheet-handwashing-soap-critical-fight-against-coronavirus-out-reach-billions
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Martha Jiménez García, Humberto Ríos Bolivar