Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura

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Volume 14, Issue 2, julio-diciembre 2015

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Volume 14, Issue 2, julio-diciembre 2015

doi: 10.5154/r.rchsza.2015.08.013
Fecha de publicación: 2015-12-18
Estimation of potential CO₂ emission in agricultural soils of two watersheds in Durango state
Lourdes L. López-Romero; Palmira Bueno-Hurtado

Keywords: greenhouse gases, soil organic carbon, carbon loss, IPCC.

The agricultural sector generates environmental impacts by releasing greenhouse gases, considered potential factors in global warming. Soil organic carbon has a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions because the loss of soil organic matter results in the release of CO2, the main gas emitted into the atmosphere. The objective of this study was to predict potential CO2 emission from the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil in some agricultural areas in the India Arroyo, Arroyo Cerro Gordo and Arroyo de Naitcha watersheds in Durango state, using estimates based on IPCC models. The average concentration of TOC in the study sites was 1.33 %, while potential CO2 emission was 0.032 Gg, accounting for 1.03 % of the total emission from the soils of Durango state.

doi: 10.5154/r.rchsza.2015.08.008
Fecha de publicación: 2015-12-18
Compositional quality of local goat milk in the Comarca Lagunera of Mexico
Homero Salinas-González; Jorge A. Maldonado; Glafiro Torres-Hernández; Mariana Triana-Gutiérrez; Luis M. Isidro-Requejo; Pedro Meda-Alducin

Keywords: Quality, composition, milk, local goat.

The aim of this study was to determine the compositional quality of local goat milk from Comarca Lagunera, Mexico. Variables measured were: fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids. Three hundred and fifty lactating local goats were randomly taken from 6 flocks. The goats were managed extensively and fed with native vegetation, although the diet was occasionally supplemented with agricultural residues. Farms were visited monthly from February to September 2013 to be present at milking time. Milk was manually homogenized to take samples which were later examined with a MilkoScope Expert Automatic® analyzer. Data were analyzed with SAS V 9.0 software to characterize the milk component curves as a function of time. Overall means for milk components were: fat 4.13 % ± 0.66, protein 3.32 % ± 0.29, lactose 4.95 % ± 0.43, non-fat solids 7.41 % ± 0.67 and total solids 13.14 % ± 1.7. There were significant differences (P<0.01) between months for protein, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids.

doi: 10.5154/r.rchsza.2015.07.007
Fecha de publicación: 2015-12-18
Minimum hydrologic characterization for research in experimental watersheds with limited availability of information in arid lands
Ignacio Sánchez-Cohen; Miguel Agustín Velásquez-Valle; Gerardo Esquivel-Arriaga; Palmira Bueno-Hurtado; Aurelio Pedroza-Sandoval

Keywords: watersheds, hydrology, evaluation, methods.

This study departs from the need of knowing the differences between representative and experimental watersheds since from here research protocols are designed for the parametrization of variables of the hydrologic cycle. Low instrumentation in research watersheds calls for the use of algorithms for the analysis of the scarce information as the foundation for the minimum instrumentation needed for characterizing experimental watersheds in arid lands. The objective of the paper is to provide the theoretical basis for the characterization of experimental watersheds without instrumentation as prerequisite for the planning of soil and water conservation in ecosystems were the pluvial regime is scarce and erratic under low availability of information. Analysis and evaluation methods are presented for runoff water harvesting structures.

doi: 10.5154/r.rchsza.2015.08.010
Fecha de publicación: 2015-12-18
Climatic characterization of watersheds with a scanty rainfall regime
Oscar Ulises Martínez-Burciaga; Diana Yamilet Ávila-Flores; Miguel Agustín Velásquez-Valle; Ignacio Sánchez-Cohen; Ramón Gutiérrez-Luna; Palmira Bueno-Hurtado; Gerardo Ezquivel-Arriaga

Keywords: weather stations, precipitation, evapotranspiration

In recent years both the frequency and severity of droughts have increased and it is expected that areas affected by them will increase in size. The most notable effects of drought are the constant threat to food production, increased pests and diseases, forest fires, land degradation and soil erosion, hence the importance of analyzing and quantifying them in order to proceed with actions to mitigate their effects. In this context, the aim of this paper is to describe how climate variables are monitored and how they can be applied to characterize droughts and identify areas vulnerable to the occurrence of this phenomenon, by presenting a case study for the southeast region of Coahuila state. To do this, weather data from the network of automatic agroclimatic stations operated by the National Institute for Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP) were used and analyzed using climate indices.

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