Palabras clave
domesticación
Persea americana
Cómo citar
Resumen
During the domestication of avocado tree, different man-plant-climate interactions have been reflected in its diversity. The different environments in which this crop has evolved and the various ways it has been handled by different cultures, have produced the great diversity of genotypes from which modern cultivars have developed. The different purposes for which the avocado has been selected over time in conjunction with the various environmental conditions of the areas in which the avocado has been introduced and cultivated have spawned a wide range of physiological varieties, which were already known before Spanish arrival. Historical, paleo historical and paleo ecological evidence on the three main avocado tree domestication are presented in this study: a) the Mexican avocado domestication in the central area of Mexico, b) the domestication of Caribbean avocado in the Maya Lowlands (Yucatan and Belize) and c) Guatemalan avocado domestication in the Highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala.
Citas
Bergh, B. O. 1992. «The origin, nature and genetic improvement of avocado». California Avocado Society Yearbook 76:61-75.
Buckler IV, E.; D. Pearsall, y T. Holtsford. 1998. «Climate, plant ecology, and Central Mexican archaic subsistence». Current Anthropology. 39: 152-164.
Cobo, P. B. [1653] 1956. Historia de Nuevo Mundo. Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Españoles.
Colunga, P.; D. Zizumbo. 2004. «Domestication of plants in Maya lowlands». Economic Botany 58 (Supplement): S101-S110.
Diamond, J.M.; P. Bellwood. 2003. «Farmers and their languages: The first expansions». Science 300:597-603.
Fedick, S. L. 1995. «Indigenous agriculture in the Americas ». Journal of Archeological Research 3:257-303.
Furnier, G. R.; M. Cummings, y M. Clegg. 1990. «Evolution of the avocados as revealed by DNA restriction fragment variation». Journal of Heredity 81:183-188.
Galindo, M.E.; M.A. Arzate. 2010a. «Consideraciones sobre el origen y primera dispersión del aguacate (Persea americana, Lauraceae)». Cuadernos de Biodiversidad 10:11-15.
Galindo, M.E.; M.A. Arzate. 2010b. West Indian avocado: where did it originate? Phyton 79: 155-159.
Gepts, P.; R. Papa. 2002. «Evolution during domestica tion». Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Macmillan
Publishers LTD. 1-7 pp.
Goebel, T.; M. Waters; D. O’Rourke. 2008. «The late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas». Science 319:1497-1502.
Landa, F. D. de [1590] 1978. Relación de las cosas de Yucatán. Editorial Porrúa. México.
Mac Neish, R. S. 1964. «Ancient Mesoamerican Civilization ». Science 143: 531-537.
Mhameed, S.; D. Sharon; D. Kaufman; E. Lahav; J. Hillel; C. Degani; U. Lavi. 1997. «Genetic relationships within avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars and between Persea species». Theoretical Applied Genetics 94: 279-286.
Millar, C. I. 1996. «Tertiary vegetation history». En: Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Proyect: Final report. University of California. 71-122 pp.
Pickersgill, B. 2007. «Domestication of plants in the Americas: Insights from mendelian and molecular genetics». Annals of Botany 100: 925-940.
Sahagún, F. B. [1590]. 2002. Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España. Cien de México. México.
Schroeder, C.A. 1968. «Prehistoric avocados in California ». California Avocado Society 1968 Yearbook 52:29-34.
Sang, T. 2011. «Toward the domestication of lignocellulosic energy crops: learning from food crop domestication». Journal of Integrative Biology 53:96-104.
Simons, A. J.; R. Leakey. 2004. «Tree domestication in tropical agroforestry». Agroforestry Systems 61:167-181.
Smith, C. J. 1966. «Archeological evidence for selection in avocado». Economic Botany 20:169-175.
------. 1969. «Additional notes on pre-conquest avocados in Mexico». Economic Botany 23:135-140.
Gama, L.M.; Gomez-P. A. 1992. «An ethnoecological approach for the study of Persea: a case study in the Maya area». Proceedings of Second World Avocado Congress:11-17.
Messer, E. 2003. «Plantas alimenticias zapotecas: Transformación de dos culturas». En: Conquista y comida. Consecuencias del encuentro de dos mundos. Janet Long (ed.). 312-337 pp.
Mhameed, S.; D. Sharon; D. Kaufman; E. Lahav; J. Hillel; C. Degani; U. Lavi. 1997. «Genetic relationships within avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars and between Persea species». Theoretical Applied Genetics 94: 279-286.
Paso y Troncoso, F. 1905. «Suma de la visita de los pueblos por orden alfabético, anónimo de la mitad del siglo XVI». Papeles de la Nueva España. Impresora de la Real Casa. Madrid.
Schnell, R. J.; J. S. Brown; C. T. Olano; E. J. Power; C. A. Krol. 2003. «Evaluation of avocado germplasm using microsatellites markers». Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 128: 881-889.
Smith, B. 2001. «Documenting plant domestication: The consilience of biological and archaeological approaches». Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 98:1324-1326.
Storey, W. B.; B. Bergh; G. A. Zentmyer. 1986. «The origin, Indigenous range, and dissemination of the avocado». California Avocado Society 1986 Yearbook 70:127-133.
Vega, I.G. de la. [1604]. 1995. Comentarios reales de los Incas. Fondo de Cultura Económica. México.
Weirsum, K. F. (a). 1997. «From natural forest to tree crops, co-domestication of forests and tree species, an overview». Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45:425-438.
Ximénez, F.F. [1619]. 1929. Historia de la Provincia de San Vicente de Chiapas y Guatemala. Tipografía Nacional. Guatemala.
Zeder, M. A.; E. Emshwiller; B. D. Smith; D. G. Bradlet. 2006. «Documenting domestication: the intersection of genetics and archaeology». Trends in Genetics 22:139-155.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2013 María Elena Galindo Tovar, Hilda Eulalia Lee Espinosa, Joaquín Murguía González, Otto Raúl Leyva Ovalle, Ivonne Landero Torres