Food sovereignty and reappropriation of rurality in Colombia and Mexico (2010–2024): comparative analysis of public policies

Abstract

This article comparatively analyzes public policies implemented in Colombia and Mexico be- tween 2010 and 2024 aimed at strengthening food sovereignty and promoting the reappro- priation of rural areas. Using a qualitative and documentary approach, it examines regulatory frameworks, development plans, sectoral programs, and documents produced by social orga- nizations to identify convergences, differences, and lessons learned between the two countries. The study addresses structural problems such as land concentration, financial exclusion of small producers, precarious rural infrastructure, the effects of climate change, and gender inequali- ties. Outomes show that, although both Colombia and Mexico promote small scale farming and agroecology, their strategies differ: Colombia prioritizes structural and territorial reforms with an emphasis on land redistribution and the institutionalization of access, while Mexico focuses on specific direct transfer programs and environmental restoration. The discussion highlights that advancing toward food sovereignty in Latin America requires integrating redistributive actions, cultural recognition, and environmental sustainability into a common agenda. It is concluded that institutional strengthening, the promotion of local agri-food systems, the participation of rural communities, and regional cooperation are key to consolidating more equitable, resilient and autonomous rural development models.