Palabras clave
fitoestabilización
fitotoxicidad
relaves mineros
degradación de suelos
manejo y conservación de suelos
Cómo citar
Resumen
La minería es la actividad económica más importante de Chile, la cual causa degradación significativa en las regiones áridas. Los suelos de la Región de Coquimbo han sufrido contaminación de metales pesados provenientes de la minería, particularmente cobre. La implementación de medidas de mitigación, que ayuden a minimizar el impacto ambiental de los relaves mineros, requiere conocer la capacidad de adaptación de especies vegetativas ante la degradación de suelos contaminados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y comparar la capacidad de fitoestabilización de especies vegetales nativas y exóticas en áreas degradadas por la actividad minera en la Región de Coquimbo. Las tasas de supervivencia, crecimiento y desarrollo del dosel de 20 especies fueron evaluadas en dos ensayos experimentales. La concentración de Cu se evaluó en tallos y hojas de los árboles y en diferentes profundidades del suelo. Los resultados indicaron que Acacia saligna tiene la mejor capacidad de acumulación de metales pesados (34.8 ppm en hojas y 12.3 ppm en tallos, ambos en suelos sin fertilización), con tasas de supervivencia de más de 80 %. En este estudio se concluye que A. saligna es la mejor especie
Citas
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