##article.highlights##
- Se caracterizó aceite esencial (Ae) de hojas de Schinus molle de la región central de México
- El Ae se obtuvo con destiladores Rayleigh y Clevenger y distintos tiempos de extracción (20 a 120 min
- El perfil fitoquímico del Ae indicó mayor presencia de monoterpenos hidrocarbonados
- El Ae de S. molle contiene principalmente α-felandreno, limoneno β-felandreno, canfeno y α-pineno
- El tiempo de extracción afectó la composición del aceite en mayor medida que el sistema usado
Resumen
Introducción: Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae), conocido como pirul en México, es una especie rica en aceite esencial en hojas y frutos.
Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil fitoquímico de aceite esencial obtenido de hojas de S. molle mediante dos sistemas de destilación y distintos tiempos de extracción.
Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un destilador discontinuo Rayleigh de escala intermedia para extraer aceite esencial de hojas de S. molle colectadas en la región central de México. El producto obtenido a distintos tiempos se caracterizó mediante cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). El perfil fitoquímico se comparó con extracto obtenido en aparato Clevenger.
Resultados y discusión: El destilador Rayleigh tuvo mayor capacidad de extracción, pero el rendimiento fue 0.6 % menor (P = 0.05) que con el aparato Clevenger a los 120 min. En total se encontraron 37 compuestos, de los cuales 31 estuvieron presentes en el extracto obtenido con destilador Rayleigh, cinco fueron compuestos de baja concentración y uno, catalogado como sesquiterpeno oxigenado, tuvo alta concentración (10.25 %) en el aceite esencial. Con mayor tiempo de extracción, los sesquiterpenos incrementaron y los sesquiterpenos oxigenados disminuyeron. El aceite esencial tuvo presencia mayoritaria de monoterpenos hidrogenados, principalmente de α-felandreno (21.20-28.57 %), limoneno + β-felandreno (19.07-27.78 %), canfeno (3.32-9.93 %), α-pineno (5.74-8.56 %), β-mirceno (2.95-6.91 %) y β-pineno (1.31-3.55 %).
Conclusiones: La caracterización del procedimiento de extracción y del perfil químico del aceite esencial de S. molle puede favorecer el aprovechamiento de esta especie.
Citas
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