Palabras clave
Cucurbita radicans
triglicéridos insaturados
cromatografía en capa fina
GelAnalyzer
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Los triglicéridos (TG) representan 98 % de la composición de los aceites vegetales. La evaluación de TG en extractos de semillas de calabazas es importante para detectar efectos ocasionados por la domesticación.
Objetivo: Comparar el perfil de triglicéridos de calabazas silvestres vs. domesticadas mediante el sistema HPTLC en fase reversa.
Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron semillas de calabazas silvestres (Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth y C. radicans Naudin) en estado maduro en tres sitios del Altiplano Mexicano y se adquirieron semillas de calabazas domesticadas (C. pepo L., C. moschata Duchesne, C. argyrosperma K. Koch) y de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.). Las semillas trituradas se sometieron a extracción en equipo Soxhlet con hexano, para obtener los lípidos. Del extracto de lípidos neutros, los TG se separaron en placas de vidrio de 20 x 10 HPTLC Gel de Sílice 60. Se utilizaron TG insaturados como referencia. Las bandas se analizaron con el software de uso libre GelAnalyzer.
Resultados y discusión: El perfil de TG del extracto de las semillas de calabazas, tanto silvestres como domesticadas, guarda similitud entre sus bandas más abundantes. En ambas muestras predomina el TG 18:2/18:2/18:2. En las calabazas silvestres destacan bandas de TG 18:3/18:3/18:3. Las calabazas domesticadas presentan TG con insaturaciones en la cadena de carbono en menor proporción que las especies silvestres, lo que les confiere a estas un valor nutricional mayor.
Conclusiones: Las semillas de calabazas silvestres muestran un perfil característico de TG insaturados. El perfil cromatográfico y el análisis de imágenes con GelAnalyzer permitieron la diferenciación de las muestras con base en las bandas obtenidas.
Citas
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