Palabras clave
extractos bioactivos
flavonoides
mangiferina
ácidos fenólicos
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Más allá del valor comercial de los granos de café, existe interés reciente por el aprovechamiento no maderero y las propiedades medicinales tradicionales de sus hojas.
Objetivo: Determinar la composición fitoquímica, las propiedades antioxidantes y la inhibición del estrés oxidativo de los extractos de hojas de Coffea, obtenidos por asistencia de ultrasonido, como una oportunidad para la producción de bioactivos vegetales.
Materiales y métodos: La composición fitoquímica de 10 extractos de hojas de Coffea arabica L. cv. Catimor 5000 se evaluó de acuerdo con su contenido de fenoles y metilxantinas; su actividad antioxidante in vitro, mediante ensayos de óxido nítrico (ON), capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno (ORAC), poder antioxidante reductor férrico (FRAP) y radicales ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfónico]); y su efecto en la inhibición del estrés oxidativo inducido, por peróxido de hidrógeno en células humanas de adenocarcinoma de colon (HT[1]29). Los extractos se obtuvieron por asistencia de ultrasonido en diferentes condiciones de amplitud de onda, proporción de solvente y tiempo de extracción.
Resultados y discusión: El contenido de fenoles y cafeína, y la mayor respuesta de inhibición de estrés oxidativo en el modelo HT-29, ensayos ORAC y ON fueron mayores con 60/40 de agua/metanol, 40 % de amplitud y 6 min de tiempo de extracción. Se identificaron por primera vez dos flavanonas en hojas de Coffea: neohesperidina y naringenina. En cuanto a los ácidos fenólicos, se identificaron los ácidos vanílico, shikímico, siríngico, elágico, 2,4,6 trihidroxibenzaldehído, y 2,3 dihidroxibenzoico, no reportados previamente en hojas de café.
Conclusión: La novedosa composición fitoquímica de los extractos bioactivos de las hojas de Coffea por asistencia de ultrasonido es significativa, lo que representa una fuente potencial de nutracéuticos.
Citas
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