Palabras clave
fitoindicación
especies vegetales
especies amenazadas
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Las escalas ecológicas incluyen especies vegetales que responden ante cambios en las condiciones del hábitat. Estas plantas actúan como fitoindicadores que integran factores ambientales. Objetivo: Identificar hábitats adecuados para las especies vegetales a partir de datos de fitoindicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Se establecieron 47 parcelas (100 m2) en un área forestal de la Reserva Natural Estatal de Mordovia. En cada parcela se registró la composición de especies y se calcularon los valores medios de cuatro factores ambientales (sombreado, humedad, nitrógeno y pH del suelo), utilizando la escala ecológica de Tsyganov. Los cambios en los valores de los factores se visualizaron con mapas de contorno para cada factor. Las diferencias entre la composición por especies se determinaron a través del índice de similitud de Jaccard. Resultados y discusión: Las parcelas se han dispuesto principalmente a lo largo de gradientes de pH, disponibilidad de nitrógeno y humedad del suelo, mientras que el sombreado del hábitat no ha sido tan influyente. Los mapas de gradiente demostraron similitud notable entre los factores ambientales y la distribución vegetativa, la cual se confirmó por la identificación de tres áreas superpuestas en estos mapas. Los métodos de fitoindicación permiten mostrar cambios en los valores de los factores ambientales en un área forestal, y en combinación con un índice de similitud de especies es posible predecir la idoneidad del hábitat para plantas amenazadas. Conclusiones: Es posible indicar y encontrar un área adecuada para el establecimiento de plantas sobre la base del enfoque de la escala ecológica de fitoindicación. Dado que las plantas amenazadas tienen requerimientos ambientales más rigurosos, este método es especialmente adecuado para tales investigaciones.Citas
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