Palabras clave
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus thuringiensis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Curvularia lunata
usarium equiseti
Cómo citar
##article.highlights##
- El género Bacillus fue el más representativo aislado en la rizosfera de Jatropha curcas.
- Ocho rizobacterias mostraron actividad antagonista contra C. lunata y Fusarium equiseti.
- El efecto antifúngico (inhibición del 30 al 79 %) se debió a compuestos volátiles y difusibles. difusibles.
- Primer informe de bacterias aisladas de J. curcas para mejorar la germinación y el crecimiento en tomateras.
Resumen
Introducción: Jatropha curcas L. es una especie nativa de México que recientemente se ha considerado un cultivo importante para la producción de biocombustible.
Objetivo: Aislar e identificar rizobacterias de J. curcas con actividad antagónica frente a hongos fitopatógenos (Curvularia lunata y Fusarium equiseti) de este cultivo y evaluar la capacidad de estas para promover el crecimiento de plantas de jitomate.
Materiales y métodos: Las cepas bacterianas se obtuvieron por dilución en serie. La actividad antagónica se evaluó mediante compuestos volátiles y difusibles en medio de cultivo PDA; además, se determinó la producción de compuestos antifúngicos y metabolitos que promueven el crecimiento de plantas. Las cepas se identificaron mediante la amplificación de los genes ARNr 16S y sodA; posteriormente, se inocularon en semillas de jitomate para evaluar la germinación de las plantas y la promoción del crecimiento.
Resultados y discusión: Las bacterias antagonistas se identificaron como Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. El efecto antifúngico sobre el crecimiento micelial de C. lunata y F. equiseti se debió a la presencia de compuestos volátiles y difusibles con inhibición de entre 30 % y 79 %. Pseudomonas aeruginosa mostró el efecto inhibitorio más fuerte (48.7 a 79.8 %). Bacillus subtilis (A1), B. mojavensis (A4) y B. thuringiensis (A6, A8) mostraron la mayor germinación (70 % a 88 %). El crecimiento de las plantas de jitomate tratadas con cepas bacterianas fue significativamente mayor (P < 0.05) que el de las plantas testigo.
Conclusión: Ocho aislados de rizobacterias de J. curcas mostraron actividad antagónica frente a C. lunata y F. equiseti, y demostraron su capacidad para mejorar la germinación y promover el crecimiento de las plantas de jitomate.
Citas
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