Palabras clave
genotipo
nutrientes minerales
sacarosa
estudio histológico
Cómo citar
##article.highlights##
- Se evaluaron cinco genotipos de algarrobo (Ceratonia siliqua) en la inducción de callos embrionarios.
- Los genotipos probados mostraron niveles altos de inducción de callo (75 a 100 %).
- El medio Gamborg (B5) con 2.5 µM 2,4-D produjo el mayor peso seco (32.5 g) de callos.
- La mayor cantidad de callos friables de color blanco cremoso se obtuvo en el medio con 90 mM de sacarosa.
- El estudio histológico de callos inducidos mostró centros activos con características embriogénicas.
Resumen
Introducción: El algarrobo (Ceratonia siliqua L.) es una de las especies cultivadas másimportantes en el área mediterránea. La especie tiene alta demanda en el mercado, pero losmétodos tradicionales de propagación no han logrado satisfacerla; por tanto, el uso de técnicasin vitro parece apropiado para el establecimiento de huertos a gran escala.
Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de cinco genotipos de algarrobo en la inducción de callosembrionarios y optimizar la composición del medio de cultivo para un mejor crecimiento.
Materiales y métodos: Las semillas maduras de C. siliqua de la variedad “Dkar”, que crecenen cinco regiones de Marruecos, se utilizaron como fuentes de explantes de cotiledones. Seevaluaron cinco genotipos (‘GH’, ‘GO’, ‘GM’, ‘GA’, y ‘GB’) y cuatro medios de cultivo(MS, B5, WPM y DKW) suplementados con tres concentraciones de 2,4-D (2.5, 5 y 10 µM).La sacarosa y el manitol se analizaron en concentraciones de 0, 45, 90, 135 y 180 µM.
Resultados y discusión: Los genotipos mostraron niveles altos de inducción de callo (75 a100 %). El medio Gamborg (B5) suplementado con 2.5 µM 2,4-D produjo el mayor peso seco(32.5 g) de callos con coloración blanco cremoso. La mayor cantidad de callos friables decolor blanco cremoso se obtuvo en el medio suplementado con 90 mM de sacarosa. El análisishistológico mostró la presencia de centros meristemáticos que se convirtieron en masasembriogénicas y proembriones globulares.
Conclusión: Los cotiledones maduros de C. siliqua tienen potencial para la inducción yproliferación de callos embrionarios. Este estudio pretende contribuir al desarrollo de unprotocolo apropiado para la propagación masiva de algarrobo.
Citas
References
Azeez, H., Ibrahim, K., Pop, R., Pamfil, D., Hârta, M., & Bobis, O. (2017). Changes induced by gamma ray irradiation on biomass production and secondary metabolites accumulation in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra callus cultures. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 183–189. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.040
Behbahani, M., Shanehsazzadeh, M., & Hessami, M. J. (2011). Optimization of callus and cell suspension cultures of Barringtonia racemosa (Lecythidaceae family) for lycopene production. Scientia Agricola, 68(1), 69–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000100011
Benković, M., Srečec, S., Bauman, I., Ježek, D., Karlović, S., Kremer, D., …Erhatić, R. (2016). Assessment of drying characteristics and texture in relation with micromorphological traits of carob (Ceratonia silliqua L.) pods and seeds. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 54(4), 432–440. doi: https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.54.04.16.4475
Brhadda, N., Walali, D. E. L., & Abousalim, A. (2007). Etude histologique de l’embryogenèse somatique de l’olivier Olea europaea cv. Picholine marocaine. Fruits, 62(2), 115–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2003005
Brhadda, N., Walali, D. E. L.,& Abousalim, A. (2008). Effet du sucre sur l’embryogenèse somatique de l’olivier (Olea europaea L.) cv . “Picholine marocaine”. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement, 12(3), 245–250. Retrieved from https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=2521
Canhoto, J. M., Rama, S. C., & Cruz, G. S. (2006). Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 42(6), 514–519. doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/ivp2006819
Cob-Uicab, J. V., Sabja, A. M., Ríos-Leal, D., Lara-Aguilar, A., Donoso, P. J., González, M. E., & Escobar, B. (2011). Potencial de la organogénesis como estrategia para la masificación in vitro de Fitzroya cupressoides en Sudamérica Austral. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, 17(3), 423–433. doi: https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2010.11.118
Custodio, L., & Romano, A. (2006). In Vitromorphogenesis in zygotic embryo cultures of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Acta Horticulturae, 725, 477–482. doi: https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.725.68
Din, A. R. J. M., Ahmad, F. I., Wagiran, A., Samad, A. A., Rahmat, Z., & Sarmidi, M. R. (2016). Improvement of efficient in vitro regeneration potential of mature callus induced from Malaysian upland rice seed (Oryza sativa cv. Panderas). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23(1), S69–S77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.10.022
Driver, J. A., & Kuniyuki, A. H. (1984). In vitro propagation of Paradox walnut rootstock. HortScience, 19(4), 507–509. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235909861_In_vitro_propagation_of_Paradox_Walnut_root_stock
El Bouzdoudi, B., Saïdi, R., Khalid, E., El Mzibri, M., Nejjar, A. Z., El Kbiach, M. L., …Lamarti, A. (2017). Mineral composition of mature carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Pod: A Study. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, 7(4), 91–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.food.20170704.04
El Kahkahi, R., Zouhair, R., Ait Chitt, M., & Errakhi, R. (2014). Morocco carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) populations: Morphological variability of Pods and Kernel. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2(4), 38–47. Retrieved from http://www.ijpab.com/form/2014 Volume 2, issue 4/IJPAB-2014-2-4-38-47.pdf
Evans, D. E., Coleman, J. O. D., & Kearns, A. (2003). Plant cell culture. London and New York: BIOS Scientific Publisher.
Fadel, F., Fattouch, S., Tahrouch, S., Lahmar, R., Benddou, A., & Hatimi, A. (2011). The phenolic compounds of Ceratonia siliqua pulps and seeds. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 2(3), 285–292. Retrieved from https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol2/vol2_N3/23-JMES-78-2011-Fadel.pdf
FAO (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations website. Retrieved April 25, 2018, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
Gamborg, O. L., Miller, R., & Ojima, K. (1968). Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Experimental Cell Research, 50(1), 151–158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(68)90403-5
George, E. F., & de Klerk, G.J. (2008). The components of plant tissue culture media I: macro-and micro-nutrients. In E. F. George, M. A. Hall, & G.J. de Klerk (Eds.), Plant propagation by tissue culture (3rd ed., pp. 65–114). Netherlands: Springer. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5005-3_3
Han, Y., Jin, X., Wu, F., & Zhang, G. (2011).Genotypic differences in callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B, 12(5), 399–407. doi: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1000219
Hoque, A., Biswas, M. K., & Alam, S. (2007). Variation of callus induction through anther culture in water chestnut (Trapa sp.). Turkish Journal of Biology, 31(1), 41–45. Retrieved from http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/issues/biy-07-31-1/biy-31-1-7-0606-7.pdf
Jayaraman, S., Daud, N. H., Halis, R., & Mohamed, R. (2014). Effects of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and pH values on callus induction in Aquilaria malaccensis leaf explants and characteristics of the resultant calli. Journal of Forestry Research, 25(3), 535–540. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-014-0492-8
Khorsha, S., Alizadeh, M., & Mashayekhi, K. (2016). The usefulness of apricot gum as an organic additive in grapevine tissue culture media. Advances in Horticultural Science, 30(2), 111–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.13128/ahs-19137
Kim, D. H., Gopal, J., & Sivanesan, I. (2017). Nanomaterials in plant tissue culture: The disclosed and undisclosed. RSC Advances, 7(58), 36492–36505. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07025j
Konaté, I., Filali-Maltouf, A., & Berraho, E. B. (2007). Diversity analysis of Moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers. Acta Botanica Malacitana, 32, 79–90. Retrieved from http://www.biolveg.uma.es/abm/volumenes/vol32/32.ceratonia.pdf
Konaté, S., Koné, M., Kouakou, H. T., Kouadio, J. Y., & Zouzou, M. (2013). Callus induction and proliferation from cotyledon explants in Bambara groundnut. African Crop Science Journal, 21(3), 255–263. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/acsj/article/view/91326
Ksia, E., Harzallah-Skhiri, F., Verdeil, J. L., Gouta, H., Alemanno, L., & Bouzid, S. (2008). Somatic embryo production from immature seeds of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.).Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(4), 401–406. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512398
Kumar, S., Suri, S. S., Sonie, K. C., & Ramawat, K. G. (2003). Establishment of embryonic cultures and somatic embryogenesis in callus culture of guggul-Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 41(1), 69–77. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8442728_Establishment_of_embryonic_cultures_and_somatic_embryogenesis_in_callus_culture_of_guggul-Commiphora_wightii_Arnott_Bhandari
Lipavská, H., & Vreugdenhil, D. (1996). Uptake of mannitol from the media by in vitro grown plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 45(2), 103–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00048751
Lloyd, G., & McCown, B. (1980). Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society,30, 421–427. Retrieved from https://www.pubhort.org/ipps/30/99.htm
Lou, H., & Kako, S. (1995). Role of high sugar concentrations in inducing somatic embryogenesis from cucumber cotyledons. Scientia Horticulturae, 64(1–2), 11–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(95)00833-8
Lozzi, A., Abousalim, A., & Abdelwahd, R. (2015). Effet de 2, 4-D sur l’induction de l’embryogenèse somatique à partir de cotylédons matures de caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Revue Marocaine Des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 3, 24–29. Retrieved from http://www.agrimaroc.org/index.php/Actes_IAVH2/article/download/394/341
Mujib, A., Ali, M., Tonk, D., & Zafar, N. (2017). Nuclear 2C DNA and genome size analysis in somatic embryo regenerated gladiolus plants using flow cytometry. Advances in Horticultural Science, 31(3), 165–174. doi: https://doi.org/10.13128/ahs-21956
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473–497. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Nakagawa, H., Saijyo, T., Yamauchi, N., Shigyo, M., Kako, S., & Ito, A. (2001). Effects of sugars and abscisic acid on somatic embryogenesis from melon (Cucumis melo L.) expanded cotyledon. Scientia Horticulturae, 90(1–2), 85–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(00)00259-4
Ramírez, A. M. H., Vasquez, T., Osorio, T. M. O., Garcés, L. A., & Trujillo, A. I. U. (2018). Evaluation of the potential of regeneration of different Colombian and commercial genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) via somatic embryogenesis. Scientia Horticulturae, 229, 148–156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.10.040
Reyes-Díaz, J. I., Arzate-Fernández, A. M., Piña-Escutia, J. L., & Vázquez-García, L. M. (2017). Media culture factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in Agave angustifolia Haw. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 81–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.021
Saeed, T., & Shahzad, A. (2015). High frequency plant regeneration in Indian Sirisvia cyclic somatic embryogenesis with biochemical, histological and SEM investigations. Industrial Crops and Products, 76, 623–637. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.060
Salehi, H., & Khosh-Khui, M. (2005). Effects of genotype and plant growth regulator on callus induction and plant regeneration in four important turfgrass genera: a comparative study. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant, 41(2), 157–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/ivp2004614
Schween, G., & Schwenkel, H.G. (2003). Effect of genotype on callus induction, shoot regeneration, and phenotypic stability of regenerated plants in the greenhouse of Primula ssp. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 72(1), 53–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021227414880
Shahnewaz, S., Bari, M. A., Siddique, N. A., & Rahman, M. H. (2004). Effects of genotype on induction of callus and plant regeneration potential in vitro anther culture of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(2), 235–237. doi: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.235.237
Shahzad, A., Akhtar, R., Bukhari, N. A., & Perveen, K. (2017). High incidence regeneration system in Ceratonia siliqua L. articulated with SEM and biochemical analysis during developmental stages. Trees, 31(4), 1149–1163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-017-1534-6
Shibli, R. A., Subaih, W. S., & Abdelrahman, N. (2005). Effect of different carbohydrates on in vitro maintenance of date palm embryogenic callus. Advances in Horticultural Science, 19(3),172–175. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42882411
Sidina, M. M., El Hansali, M., Wahid, N., Ouatmane, A., Boulli, A., & Haddioui, A. (2009). Fruit and seed diversity of domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Morocco. Scientia Horticulturae, 123(1), 110–116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.07.009
SPSS, Corp. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Steinitz, B. (1999). Sugar alcohols display nonosmotic roles in regulating morphogenesis and metabolism in plants that do not produce polyols as primary photosynthetic products. Journal of Plant Physiology, 155(1), 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(99)80133-3
Sumaryono, Wirdhatul, M., & Ratnadewi, D. (2012). Effect of carbohydrate source on growth and performance of In Vitro sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) plantlets. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 19(2), 88–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.19.2.88
Tholakalabavi, A., Zwiazek, J. J., & Thorpe, T. A. (1994). Effect of mannitol and glucose-induced osmotic stress on growth, water relations, and solute composition of cell suspension cultures of poplar (Populus deltoides var. occidentalis) in relation to anthocyanin accumulation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 30(3), 164–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02632208
Thorpe,T., Stasolla, C., Yeung, E.C., de Klerk, G-J., Roberts, A., George, E. F. (2008). The components of plant tissue culture media II: organic additions, osmotic and pH effects, and support systems. In E. F. George, M. A. Hall, & G.-J. de Klerk (Eds.), Plant propagation by tissue culture (pp. 115–173). Netherlands: Springer. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5005-3_3
Varshney, A., & Anis, M. (2014). Trees: Propagation and Conservation. New Delhi, India: Springer. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1701-5
Yancheva, S. D., & Roichev, V. (2005). Carbohydrate source can influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 19(2), 62–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2005.10817192
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2019 Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente