Keywords
radiata pine
agricultural residue
particle board
industry
maize residues
How to Cite
##article.highlights##
- Particle boards of Pinus radiata were evaluated with maize residue proportions between 0 % (control) and 30 %.
- Boards with 5 and 10 % maize residues have properties similar to those of Pinus radiata.
- The proportion of up to 20 % maize residues ensured regulatory and industrial compliance of boards
Abstract
Introduction: Particle board production is based on the use of sawmill and remanufacturing residues; however, the availability of this raw material has decreased significantly due to its use as biomass for firewood fuel.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of the replacement level of maize (Zea mays L.) and Pinus radiata D. Don residues on physical and mechanical board properties.
Materials and methods: Maize and P. radiata residue proportions between 0 % (control) and 30 % maize were evaluated. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive was used in proportions of 7.5 % and 9.5 % for fine and thick particles, respectively; pressing was based on industrial parameters with a thickness of 10 mm and 0.77 g∙cm-3 density. Physical and mechanical properties were determined according to particle board standards.
Results: Thickness, density, moisture, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were similar among maize residue proportions and met the industrial requirement. At 2 and 24 h, absorption and swelling met the industrial and regulatory requirement, except for swelling at 2 h when 30 % maize residues was used. The internal bond (IB) met the industrial requirement with all proportions, but from 20 % onwards there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Maize residue proportions between 0 and 10 % had similar performance. A proportion of up to 20 % maize provided regulatory and industrial compliance, so it has potential for the particle board industry.
References
Akgül, M., Güler, C., & Çöpür, Y. (2010). Certain physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboards manufactured from blends of corn (Zea mays indurata Sturt.) stalks and pine (Pinus nigra) wood. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34(3), 197—206. doi: https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0902-26
Amenaghawon, N. A., Osayuki-Aguebor, W., & Okieimen, C. O. (2016). Production of particle boards from corn cobs and cassava stalks: optimization of mechanical properties using response surface methodology. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 7(4), 1236—1244. Retrieved from https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol7/
vol7_N4/138-JMES-1811-2015-Amenaghawon.pdf
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). (1999). Particleboard. (ANSI A208.1). Retrieved from https://www.compositepanel.org/resources/standards/
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2001a). Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates (ASTM C136–1). Retrieved from https://www.astm.org/c0136-01.html
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2001b). Standard specification for wire cloth and sieves for testing purposes (ASTM E-11-01). Retrieved from https://www.astm.org/e0011-01.html
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2017). Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based-materials ASTM D2395). Retrieved from https://www.astm.org/d2395-17.html
Arabi, M., Faezipour, M., & Gholizadeh, H. (2011). Reducing resin content and board density without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of particleboard through controlling particle size. Journal of Forestry Research, 22(4), 659—664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-011-0207-3
Balboa, C. H., & Somonte, M. D. (2014). Economía circular como marco para el ecodiseño: el modelo ECO-3. Informador Técnico, 78(1), 82—90. doi: https://doi.org/10.23850/22565035.71
Barrios, A., Trincado, G., & Watt, M. (2017). Wood properties of juvenile and mature wood of Pinus radiata D. Don trees growing on contrasting sites in Chile. Forest Science, 63(2), 184—191. doi: https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.2016-060
Chávez, Á., & Rodríguez, A. (2016). Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos agrícolas y forestales en Iberoamérica. Revista Academia y Virtualidad, 9(2), 91—107. doi: https://doi.org/10.18359/ravi.2004.
Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (DMC). (2001). Climatología regional. Santiago, Chile: Author.
European Committee for Standardization (EN). (1993a). Particleboards and fiberboards - Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board. (EN 319). Retrieved from https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en319-1993-particleboards-and-fibreboards-determinationof-tensile-strength-perpendicular-to-the-plane-of-theboard/
European Committee for Standardization (EN). (1993b). Woodbased panels - Determination of density. (EN 323).
Retrieved from https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en-323-1993-wood-based-panels-determination-of-density/
European Committee for Standardization (EN). (1993c). Woodbased panels - Determination of elasticity in bending
and of bending strength. (EN 310). Retrieved from https://www.en-standard.eu/une-en-310-1994-woodbased-panels-determination-of-modulus-of-elasticity-inbending-and-of-bending-strength/
European Committee for Standardization (EN). (1993d). Woodbased panels - Determination of moisture content. (EN 322).
Retrieved from https://www.en-standard.eu/une-en-322-1994-wood-based-panels-determination-of-moisture-content/
European Committee for Standardization (EN). (1994). Particleboards and fiberboards - Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. (EN 317). Retrieved from https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en-317-1993-particleboards-and-fibreboards-determination-ofswelling-in-thickness-after-immersion-in-water/
Garay, R. M., MacDonald, F., Acevedo, M. L., Calderón, B., & Araya, J. E. (2009). Particleboard made with crop residues mixed with wood from Pinus radiata. BioResources, 4(4), 1396—1408. doi: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.4.1396-1408
Gysling, J., & Soto, D. (2018). Industria forestal primaria en Chile. Período 2006-2015. Santiago, Chile: INFOR. doi: https://doi.org/10.52904/20.500.12220/21347
Gϋler, C., Sahin, H. I., & Yeniay, S. (2016). The potential for using corn stalks as a raw material for production particleboard with industrial wood chips. Wood Research, 61(2), 299—306. Retrieved from http://www.centrumdp.sk/wr/201602/13.pdf
Guler, C., & Büyüksarı, Ü. (2011). Effect of production parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hull. BioResources, 6(4), 5027—5036. doi: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.5027-5036
Instituto Forestal (INFOR). (2014). Importaciones forestales 2013. Santiago, Chile: INFOR. Retrieved from https://bibliotecadigital.infor.cl/handle/20.500.12220/20941
Instituto Forestal (INFOR). (2019a). Anuario Forestal 2019. Santiago, Chile: INFOR. Retrieved from https://bibliotecadigital.infor.cl/handle/20.500.12220/29165
Instituto Forestal (INFOR). (2019b). La industria de tableros y chapas 2019. Santiago, Chile: INFOR. Retrieved from https://bibliotecadigital.infor.cl/handle/20.500.12220/29170
Instituto Nacional de Normalización. (2019). Madera - Parte 1: Determinación del contenido de humedad.(NCh176/1). Retrieved from https://ecommerce.inn.cl/nch1761201968325
Iswanto, A. H., Octaviani, F., Tarigan, W. F., & Nuryawan, A. (2021). Effect of corn stalks and palm fibers ratio on physical, mechanical, and durability properties of particleboard. In IOP Conference series: Earth and environmental science (vol. 713, 012047). IOP Publishing Ltd. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/713/1/012047
Mendes, L. M., Mendes, S. A., Iwakiri, S., Chaves, M. D., Mori, F. A., & Mendes, R. F. (2008). Effects of board density and layers composition on the physical and mechanical properties of OSB manufactured from clones of Eucalyptus spp. Cerne, 14(4), 379—385. Retrieved from https://cerne.ufla.br/site/index.php/CERNE/article/view/233/202
Mendes, R. F., Mendes, L. M., Abranches, R. A. S., Santos, R. D., & Guimarães Júnior, J. B. (2010). Painéis aglomerados produzidos com bagaço de cana em associação com madeira de eucalipto. Scientia Forestalis, 38(86), 285—295. Retrieved from https://www.ipef.br/PUBLICACOES/SCIENTIA/nr86/cap16.pdf
Mohebby, B., Gorbani-Kokandeh, M., & Soltani, M. (2009). Springback in acetylated wood-based composites. Construction and Building Materials, 23(9), 3103—3106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.007
Nemli, G., & Demirel, S. (2007). Relationship between the density profile and the technological properties of the particleboard composite. Journal of Composite Materials, 41(15), 1793—1802. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998307069892
Ruiz, C., Wolff, M., & Claret, M. (2017). Rastrojos de cultivos anuales y residuos forestales. Chillán, Chile: INIA Quilamapu. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14001/7857
Scatolino, M. V., Silva, D. W., Mendes, R. F., & Mendes, L. M. (2013). Uso do sabugo de milho na produção de painéis aglomerados. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37(4), 330—337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000400006
Statgraphics Centurion. (2013). Statgraphics Centurion XVI software version 16.2. 04. Warrenton, Virginia, USA: StatPoint Technologies Inc. Retrieved from hhtp://www. statgraphics.net.
Tumuluru, J. S. (2014). Effect of process variables on the density and durability of the pellets made from high moisture corn stover. Biosystems Engineering, 119, 44—57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.11.012
US Department of Commerce (DOC). (1966). Mat-Formed Wood Particleboard. Commercial Standard CS 236-66. Retrieved from https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?document_name=NBS%20CS%20236&item_s_key=00081009
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Universidad Autónoma Chapingo