Keywords
regression trees
temperate forests
ordination
pteridophytes
How to Cite
Abstract
The relationship between the richness, diversity and distribution of fern and lycophyte species and some climatic and soil variables in the mountain cloud forest of the municipality of Tlanchinol, Hidalgo, Mexico, was analyzed. Twenty-four sampling plots of 400 m2 each were established in three elevational ranges between 1,107 and 1,903 m. In each plot, alpha and beta diversity, and the relative importance value (RIV) of the species were estimated. The relationship between richness, diversity, RIV and environmental variables was established by redundancy, linear regression and regression tree analysis. Few species showed high RIV per plot; richness and diversity values showed no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) with respect to elevation, but did with respect to the minimum temperature of coldest month, precipitation of warmest quarter, orientation and slope. Beta diversity increased with elevation, was low between nearby elevational ranges and was high at the ends of the gradient. Species distribution was positively related to organic matter, isothermality and sodium content, and negatively with precipitation of driest month, annual actual evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in the rainy season.
References
Álvarez-Zúñiga, E., Sánchez-González, A., López-Mata, L., & Tejero-Díez, J. D. (2012). Composición y abundancia de las pteridofitas en el bosque mesófilo de montaña del municipio de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo, México. Botanical Sciences, 90, 163–177. doi: https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.481
Cárdenas, G. G., Halme, J. K., Tuomisto, H. (2007). Riqueza y distribución ecológica de especies de pteridofitas en la zona del río Yavarí-Mirín, Amazonía Peruana. Biotropica, 39, 637–646. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00308.x
Colwell, R. K. (2015). EstimateS. Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples version 8.2. Connecticut, USA: University of Connecticut. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/EstimateS/
Cuevas, H. A. L., Sánchez-González, A., & Tejero-Díez, J. D. (2013). Pteridophytes of a semiarid natural protected area in Central Mexico. Natural Areas Journal, 33, 177–188. doi: https://doi.org/10.3375/043.033.0208
Ebihara, A., Dubuisson, J. Y., Iwatsuki, K., Hennequin, S., & Ito, M. (2006). A taxonomic revision of the Hymenophyllaceae. Blumea, 51, 221–280. doi: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651906X622210
González-Espinosa, M., Meave, J. A., Ramírez-Marcial, N., Toledo-Acevedes, T., Lorea-Hernández, F. G., & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2012). Los bosques de niebla de México: conservación y restauración de su componente arbóreo. Ecosistemas, 21, 36–52. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=54026849004
Hammer, O., Harper, D. A. T., & Ryan, P. D. (2009). PAST-Palaeontological Statistics, ver. 1.89. http://vanguardia.udea.edu.co/cursos/PAST/past.pdf
Hijmans, R., Guarino, L., Jarvis, A., & O’Brien, R. (2007). DIVA-GIS free, simple & effective v.7.3.0.1. CA, USA: LizardTech, Inc. http://www.diva-gis.org/
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI). (1996). Tlanchinol, estado de Hidalgo. Aguascalientes, México: Autor.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI). (2004). Anuario estadístico. Hidalgo. I, II. Aguascalientes, México. Autor.
Jones, M. M., Tuomisto, H., Borcard, D., Legendre, P., Clark, D. B., & Olivas, P. C. (2008). Explaining variation in tropical plant community composition: Influence of environmental and spatial data quality. Oecologia, 155, 593–604. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0923-8
Jost, L. (2006). Entropy and diversity. Oikos, 9, 363–375. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14714.x
Kallimanis, A. S., Ragia, V., Sgardelis, S. P., & Pantis, J. D. (2007). Using regression trees to predict alpha diversity based upon geographical and habitat characteristics. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16, 3863– 3876. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9186-2
Karst, J., Gilbert, T. B., & Lechowics, M. J. (2005). Fern community assembly: The roles of chance and the environment at local and intermediate scales. Ecology, 86, 2473–2486. doi: https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1420
Kluge, J., Kessler, M., & Dunn, R. R. (2006). What drives elevational patterns of diversity? A test of geometric constraints, climate and species pool effects for pteridophytes on an elevational gradient in Costa Rica. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15, 358–371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00223.x
Koleff, P., Gaston, K. J., & Lennon, J. J. (2003). Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 367–382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00710.x
Körner, C. (2007). The use of ´altitude´ in ecological research. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22, 569–574. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006
Labiak, P. H. (2011). Stenogrammitis, a new genus of grammitid ferns segregated from Lellingeria (Polypodiaceae). Brittonia, 63(1), 139–149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-010-9148-y
Luna, V. I., Ocegueda, C. S. &, Alcántara, A. O. (1994). Florística y notas biogeográficas del bosque mesófilo de montaña del municipio de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo, México. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Serie Botánica, 65, 31–62. http://www.ejournal.unam.mx/bot/065-01/BOT65104.pdf
Matteucci, S. D., & Colma, A. (1982). Metodología para el estudio de la vegetación. Washington, DC, USA: Secretaria General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos-Programa Regional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico.
Mickel, J. T., & Smith, A. R. (2004). The Pteridophytes of Mexico (Memoirs of the New York botanical garden). New York, USA: NYBG press.
Ohmann, L. J., & Spies, A. T. (1998). Regional gradient analysis and spatial pattern of woody plant communities of Oregon forest. Ecological Monographs, 68, 151–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0151:RGAASP]2.0.CO;2
Palmer, W. M. (2015). Ordination methods for ecologists. http://ordination.okstate.edu/
Pausas, J. G., & Austin, M. P. (2001). Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environments: an appraisal. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 153–166. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3236601
Pavón, N. P., & Meza, M. (2009). Cambio climático en el estado de Hidalgo: clasificación y tendencias climáticas. Hidalgo, México. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
Pérez-Paredes, M. G., Sánchez-González, A., & Tejero-Díez, J. D. (2014). Estructura poblacional y características del hábitat de dos especies de Cyatheaceae del estado de Hidalgo. Botanical Sciences, 92, 259–271. doi: https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.48
Pinokiyo, A., Singh, K. P., & Singh, J. S. (2008). Diversity and distribution of lichens in relation to altitude within a protected biodiversity hot spot, north-east India. The Lichenologist, 40, 47–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282908007214
Ponce-Vargas, A., Luna-Vega, I., Alcántara-Ayala, O., & Ruiz- Jiménez, C. A. (2006). Florística del bosque mesófilo de montaña de Monte Grande, Lolotla, Hidalgo, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 77, 177–190. http://www.ejournal.unam.mx/bio/BIOD77-02/BIOS770204.pdf
Rahbek, C. (2005). The role of spatial scale and the perception of large-scale species-richness patterns. Ecology Letters, 8, 224–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00701.x
Richter, M. (2008). Tropical mountain forests - distribution and general features. In R. S. Gradstein, J. Homeier, & D. Gansert (Eds.). The tropical mountain forest-patterns and processes in a biodiversity hotspot (pp. 7–24). Germany: The Biodiversity and Ecology Series.
Rodríguez, R. L., Pacheco, L., & Zavala, H. J. A. (2008). Pteridofitas indicadoras de alteración ambiental en el bosque templado de San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56, 641– 656. doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i2.5614
Rzedowski, J. (1978). Vegetación de México. México, D. F.: Limusa.
Sánchez-González, A., & López-Mata, L. (2005). Plant species richness and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada, Mexico. Diversity and Distribution, 11, 567–575. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00186.x
Sánchez-González, A., Álvarez-Zúñiga, E., & Tejero-Díez, J. D. (2010). Richness and distribution patterns of ferns and lycopods in Los Mármoles National Park, Hidalgo, Mexico. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 137, 373–379. doi: https://doi.org/10.3159/10-RA-002
Sang, W. (2008). Plant diversity patterns and their relationships with soil and climatic factors along an altitudinal gradient in the middle Tianshan Mountain area, Xinjiang, China. The Ecological Society of Japan, 24, 303–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0507-z
Schoenholtz, S. H., Van Miegroet, H., & Burger, J. A. (2000). A review of chemical and physical properties as indicators of forest soil quality: Challenges and opportunities. Forest Ecology and Management, 138, 335–356. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00423-0
Slik, J. W. F., Raes, N., Shin-Ichiro, A., Brearley, Q. F., Cannon, H. C., Meijaard, E., & Wulffraat, S. (2009). Environmental correlates for tropical tree diversity and distribution patterns in Borneo. Diversity and Distributions, 15, 523– 532. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00557.x
StatSoft Inc. (2004). STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7. Tulsa, OK, USA: Author.
Tejero-Díez, J. D., Torres-Díaz, A. N., & Gual-Díaz, M. (2014). Licopodios y helechos en el bosque mesófilo de montaña de México. En M. Gual-Díaz & A. Rendón- Correa (Eds.), Bosques mesófilos de montaña de México, diversidad, ecología y manejo (pp. 197–220). México, D. F.: Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.
Ter Braak, C. J. F., & Šmilauer, T. (1998). CANOCO Reference manual and user´s guide to Canoco for Windows: Software for canonical community ordination (version 4). New York, USA: Microcomputer Power.
Vázquez-Garcia, J. A. (1995). Cloud forest archipelagos: Preservation of fragmented montane ecosystems in tropical America. In L. S. Hamilton, J. O. Juvik & F. N. Scatena (Eds.), Tropical montane cloud forests (pp. 315– 332). New York, USA: Springer-Verlag.
Villaseñor, J. L. (2010). El bosque húmedo de montaña en México y sus plantas vasculares: catálogo florístico-taxonómico. México, D.F.: Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. http://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/publicaciones/librosDig/pdf/Bosque%20humedo%20de%20montana.pdf
Wana, D., & Beierkuhnlein, C. (2011). Responses of plant functional types to environmental gradients in the south-west Ethiopian highlands. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 27, 289–304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467410000799
Watkins, J. E., Cardelu, C., Colwell, R. K., & Moran, R. C. (2006). Species richness and distribution of ferns along an elevational gradient in Costa Rica. American Journal of Botany, 93, 73–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.1.73
Whittaker, R. J., Willis, K. J., & Field, R. (2001). Scale and species richness: Towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 453–470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00563.x
WorldClim-Global Climate Data (2015). WorldClim-Global Climate Data. Free climate data for ecological modeling and GIS. http://worldclim.org/bioclim
Zhu, Y., Jiang, Y., Liu, Q., Xiong, M., & Kang, M. (2007). Altitudinal pattern of vascular plant species richness based on equal-area belts in Mt. Helan. Biodiversity Science, 15, 408–418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1360/biodiv.060307
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente