Keywords
polymer
oil seeds
Fusarium equiseti
Curvularia lunata
How to Cite
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a plant with great agricultural and industrial potential. In this study, two fungal species were isolated from ungerminated seeds. The fungal isolates were morphologically and molecularly identified as Fusarium equiseti and Curvularia lunata. Effects of chitosan on mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of F. equiseti and C. lunata were evaluated. In addition, its effect on seed germination of J. curcas was studied. The results showed that all tested chitosan concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg·mL-1) inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungi. Sporulation and spore germination responses differed depending on the fungal species. Chitosan completely inhibited sporulation of C. lunata and spore germination of F. equiseti. Inoculation with F. equiseti and C. lunata reduced seed germination of J. curcas by 20 and 26.6 %, respectively. However, application of chitosan before inoculation inhibited pathogenic activity. Therefore, chitosan did not affect seed germination and caused inhibitory effects on F. equiseti and C. lunata. This is the first report on the effect of chitosan on J. curcas.
References
Dharmaputra, O. S., Worang, R. L., Syarief, R., & Miftahudin, M. (2009). The quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seed affected by water activity and duration of storage. Microbiology Indonesia, 3, 139–145. Obtenido de http://www.jurnal.permi.or.id/index.php/mionline/article/view/18/15
Dias, L. A., Missio, R. F., & Dias, D. C. (2012). Antiquity, botany, origin and domestication of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), a plant species with potential for biodiesel production. Genetics and Molecular Research, 11, 2719–2728. doi: https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.June.25.6
Doyle, J. J., & Doyle, J. L. (1990). A rapid total DNA preparation procedure for fresh plant tissue. Focus, 12, 13–15.
El Hadrami, A. L., Adam, R., El Hadrami, I., & Daayf, F. (2010). Chitosan in plant protection. Marine Drugs, 8, 968–987. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/md8040968
Espinoza-Verduzco, M., Santos-Cervantes, M. E., Fernández- Herrera, E., Espinoza-Mancillas, M. G., Chávez- Medina, J. A., Bermúdez-Alvarez, E. M., …Leyva-López, N. E. (2012). First report of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing inflorescence blight in Jatropha curcas in Sinaloa, Mexico. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 34, 455–458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2012.688770
Flores-Flores, R., Velázquez-del Valle, M. G., León-Rodríguez, R., Flores-Moctezuma, H. E., & Hernández-Lauzardo, A. N. (2013). Identification of fungal species associated to cladode spot of prickly pear and their sensitivity to chitosan. Journal of phytopathology, 161, 544–552. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12104
Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., & Pedersen, J. F. (2013). Isolation and characterization of the grain mold fungi Cochliobolus and Alternaria spp. from sorghum using semiselective media and DNA sequence analyses. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 59, 87–96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0649
Hernández-Lauzardo, A. N., Bautista-Baños, S., Velázquez-del Valle, M. G., Méndez-Montealvo, M. G., Sánchez-Rivera, M. M., & Bello-Pérez, L. A. (2008). Antifungal effects of chitosan with different molecular weights on in vitro development of Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. Carbohydrate Polymers, 73, 541–547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.12.020
Iftikhar, T., Niaz, M., Anwer, M., Abbas, S. Q., Saleem, M., & Jabee, R. (2011). Ecological screening of lipolytic cultures and process optimization for extracellular lipase production from fungal hyperproducer. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43, 1343–1349. Obtenido de http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/43(2)1343.pdf
Kakde, R. B., & Chavan, A. M. (2011). Extracellular lipase enzyme production by seed-borne fungi under the influence of physical factors. International Jounal of Biology, 3, 95–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v3n1p94
Kapse, V., Bhale, M. S., & Jogi, M. (2012). Detection of seed associate mycoflora from rice. Pestology, 36, 52–55.
Kumar, S., Sharma, S., Pathak, D. V., & Beniwal, J. (2011). Integrated management of jatropha root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 23, 35–41. Obtenido de http://www.jatropha.pro/PDF%20bestanden/Rootrot.%20Kumar.pdf
Kwon, J. H., Choi, O., Kim, J., & Kwak, Y. S. (2012). First report of anthracnose disease on Jatropha curcas caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Korea. Journal of Phytopathology, 160, 255–257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2012.0189039-0434.2012.01890
Latha, P., Prakasam, V., Kamalakannan, A., Gopalakrishnan, C., Raguchander, T., Paramathma, M., & Samiyapapan, R. (2009). First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon Maubl causing root rot and collar rot disease of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in India. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, 19–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/DN09008
Lazarotto, M., Muniz, M. F. B., dos Santos, R. F., Blume, E., Harakawa, R., & Hamann, F. A. (2014). First report of Fusarium equiseti associated on pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seeds in Brazil. Plant Disease, 98, 847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-13-0976-PDN
Leslie, J., & Summerell, B. A. (2006). The Fusarium laboratory manual. London: Blackwell.
Martinez-Herrera, J., Jimenez-Martinez, C., Martinez-Ayala, A., Garduño-Siciliano, L., Mora-Escobedo, R.,Dávila-Ortiz, G., …Becker, K (2012) Evaluation of the nutritional quality of nontoxic kernel flour from Jatropha curcas L. in rats. Journal of Food Quality, 35, 152–158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2011.00432.x
MycoBank. (2012). Fungal databases nomenclature and species banks. Consultado 04-09-2012 en http://www.mycobank.org/
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (2012). Consultado 04-09-2012 en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank
Palma-Guerrero, J., Hansson, H. B., Salinas, J., & López-Llorca,J. V. (2008). Effect of chitosan on hyphal growth and spore germination of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 104, 541–553.doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03567.x
Pathak, N., & Zaidi, R. K. (2013). Studies on seed-borne fungi of wheat in seed health testing programme. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46, 389–401. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.741978
Punja, Z. K., Wan, A., Rahman, M., Goswami, R. S., Barasubiye,T., Seifert, K. A., & Lévesque, C. A. (2008). Growth, population dynamics, and diversity of Fusarium equiseti in ginseng fields. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 121,173–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9261-2
Rao, C. S., Kumari, M. P., Wani, S. P., & Marimuthu, S.(2011). Occurrence of black rot in Jatropha curcas L. plantations in India caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Current Science, 100, 1547–1549. Obtenido de http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/25may2011/1547.pdf
Salerno, M. I., & Lori, G. A. (2007). Association of seed-borne Fusarium species on Pinus ponderosa with germination and seedling viability in Argentina. Forest Pathology, 37, 263–271. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00505.x
Systat Software Inc. (2009). SigmaPlot 11.0 program. Exact graphs and data analysis. San Jose, California, USA: Author.
Srivastava, S., Sinha, A., & Srivastava, C. P. (2011). Screening of seed-borne mycoflora of Jatropha curcas L. Research Journal of Seed Science, 4, 94–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjss.2011.94.105
Summerell, B. A., & Leslie, J. (2011). Fifty years of Fusarium:How could nine species have ever been enough? Fungal Diversity, 50, 135–144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0132-y
White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand. J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applications (315–332). New York, USA: Academic Press.
Worang, L. R., Dharmaputra, O. S., Syarief, R., & Miftahuddin (2008). The quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds packed in plastic material during storage. Biotropia, 15, 25–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.3
Yang, F., Svensson, B., & Finnie, C. (2011). Response of germinating barley seeds to Fusarium graminearum:The first molecular insight into Fusarium seedling blight. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49, 1362–1368. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.07.004
Ziani, K., Ursúa, B., & Maté, J. I. (2010). Application of bioactive coating based on chitosan for artichoke seed protection. Crop Protection, 29, 853–859. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropo.2010.03.002
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2015 Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente