Keywords
oak
camellia
azalea
sporangia
How to Cite
##article.highlights##
- Technical for catching Phytophthora cinnamomi in soil with plant-trap
- Process isolation and sporulation of Phytophthora cinnamomi
- Tool to determine more easily the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Abstract
Oak mortality has increased in recent years in several Mexican states. The etiology in many cases is unknown. In the states of Colima, Jalisco and Guerrero, where the cause is known, the oak forests are being affected by the “ink disease” (Phytophthora cinnamomi Rand). The presenting symptoms of diseased trees are: chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, cankers with dark exudates on the bark of the trunk and dieback. Given the impact of the disease and the difficulty of isolating the pathogen from cortical tissue and inducing sporulation in it, this study aimed to (i) evaluate the efficiency of two trap plants, Camellia japonica and Rhododendron indicum (L). Sweet, using a soil suspension and (ii) induce sporulation of the pathogen. To this end, 6 mm discs containing leaf tissue of the trap species were embedded in a soil suspension for 24 and 48 h before being plated in PARPH selective medium. The species R. indicum showed higher capture effectiveness, 64.10 %, compared with 6.83 % for C. japonica. For sporulation, a water-soil mixture (350 mL-200 g) gave the best results.
References
Agrios, N. G. 2005. Plant pathology (5th Ed.). USA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. L., Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Tlapal-Bolaños, B., Trejo-Ramírez, O., Davidson, J. M.,… Quiroz-Reygadas, R. D. (2007). Agentes asociados y su papel en la declinación y muerte de encinos (Quercus, Fagaceae) en el centro-oeste de México. Polibotanica, 23, 1−21. http://www.herbario.encb.ipn.mx/pb/pdf/pb23/1Encino.pdf
Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. L., & Almaraz-Sánchez, A. (2008). Primer reporte de Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. asociado al encino (Quercus sp.) en Tecoanapa, Guerrero, México. Agrociencia, 42, 565−572. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/agro/v42n5/v42n5a8.pdf
Domsch, H. K. (1980). Compendium of soil fungi. London, UK: Academic Press.
Erwin, D. C., & Ribeiro, O. K. (1996). Phytophthora diseases worldwide. USA: APS Press.
Eckert, J. W., & Tsao, P. H. (1962). A selective antibiotic medium for isolation of Phytophthora and Pythium from plant roots. Phytopathology, 52, 771−777. http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19631101067.html
Kannwischer, M. E., & Mitchell, D. G. (1978). The influence of a fungicide on the epidemiology of black sank of tobacco. Ecology and Epidemiology, 68, 1760−1765. http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1978Articles/Phyto68n12_1760.pdf
Malajczuk, N. (1979). Biological suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Eucalyptus and avocados in Australia. In B. Schippers & W. Gams (Eds.), Soil-borne plant pathogens (pp. 635–652). USA: Academic Press.
Rzedowski, J. (1981). Vegetación de México. México: Limusa.
Tainter, F. H., O´brien, J. G., Hernández, A., Orozco, F., & Rebolledo, O. (2000). Phytophthora cinnamomi as a cause of oak mortality in the state of Colima, México. Plant Disease, 84(4), 394−398. doi: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.394
Téliz, D. (2000). El aguacate y su manejo integrado. México, D.F.: Ediciones Mundi-Prensa.
Tsao, P. H. (1983). Factors affecting isolation and quantitation of Phytophthora from soil. In D. C. Erwin, S. Bartnicki-García, & P. H Tsao (Eds.), Phytophthora, its biology, taxonomy, ecology, and pathology (pp. 219−236). USA: APS Press.
Waterhouse, G. M. (1963). Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Zavala, C. F. (1989). Identificación de encinos de México. México: Universidad Autónoma Chapingo.
Zavala, C. F. (1998). Observaciones sobre la distribución de los encinos en México. Polibotánica, 8, 47−64. http://www. herbario.encb.ipn.mx/pb/pdf/pb8/Distribuci%C3%B3n%20 encinos1.pdf
Zentmyer, G. A. (1980). Phytophthora cinnamomi and the diseases it causes. USA: The American Phytopathological Society.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2013 Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente