Palabras clave
metabolitos secundarios
perfil químico
índices de diversidad
análisis multivariados
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Las poblaciones de una especie son diferentes a lo largo de su distribución por la presión de selección del gradiente climático.
Objetivo: Describir la variación fitoquímica entre 14 procedencias en un gradiente altitudinal de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., para determinar si existen asociaciones de perfiles químicos entre poblaciones, expresados bajo un solo ambiente.
Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron semillas de 165 árboles de un transecto altitudinal de 2850 a 3540 m en el cerro de San Andrés, Municipio Libre de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México. La planta se produjo en ensayo de jardín común; a los 28 meses se recolectaron acículas maduras por individuo y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases-masas. Los datos se analizaron con índices de diversidad, análisis de varianza y multivariados (componentes principales, correspondencias y conglomerados).
Resultados y discusión: Se identificaron 32 compuestos, la mayoría terpenos. Las poblaciones presentaron diferencias en presencia/ausencia de terpenos y en su concentración; arriba de 3350 m, la diversidad fue más baja, pero con mayor concentración. Se encontraron tres grupos de altitud con base en el perfil químico de las poblaciones: baja = 2850 a 3300 m y 3400 m; intermedia = 3350, 3450 y 3500 m; y elevada = 3540 m.
Conclusiones: La diversidad y concentración de los terpenos en A. religiosa variaron en función de la altitud de las poblaciones. Existen tres perfiles químicos que deben considerarse en el establecimiento de programas de recolecta de germoplasma para reforestación y restauración.
Citas
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