Palabras clave
contaminación del suelo
toxicidad por metales
minería
hongos filamentosos
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Los metales se encuentran en forma natural en el medio ambiente, pero el uso indiscriminado de estos ha causado problemas graves de contaminación.
Objetivo: Dos especies de Aspergillus se aislaron e identificaron a partir de jales mineros; posteriormente, el índice de tolerancia de los hongos se evaluó a concentraciones de varios metales.
Materiales y métodos: Los hongos se aislaron de jales mineros ubicados en el desierto de Sonora. El crecimiento fúngico se evaluó en presencia de los metales Cr6+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ag+ , Cd2+, Cu2+ y Hg2+ mediante el índice de tolerancia y concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI).
Resultados y discusión: A. flavus tuvo índices de tolerancia muy elevados a Cr6+, Pb2+ y Zn2+ en todas las concentraciones evaluadas (>20 mM); también presentó un índice alto de tolerancia a los demás metales en concentraciones más bajas. La CMI para este hongo en presencia de Cd2+, Hg2+ y Ag+ se registró entre 5 y 10 mM. El crecimiento de A. nidulans no se inhibió con 20 mM de Cr6+. La CMI de A. nidulans en presencia de Hg2+, Ag+ y Cu2+ estuvo en el rango de 1 a 5 mM; con Cd2+, Pb2+ y Zn2+ se encontró entre 15 y 20 mM. Las curvas dosis[1]respuesta mostraron una forma sigmoidal característica. Con Ag+ y Cu2+, A. flavus tuvo un comportamiento de hormesis.
Conclusión: Debido a la alta tolerancia de A. nidulans y A. flavus se sugiere su uso potencial para la eliminación de metales.
Citas
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