Keywords
fertilization
ultisol
forest crop
How to Cite
Abstract
The use of controlled release fertilizers (CRF) is emerging and there are no published results for their use in Chile. In this study, it was evaluated the use of a CRF at the time of establishment of Pinus radiata on an ultisol in Valdivia, Chile. The study was conducted in three different sites with soil varia- tions (2006). Six CRF, a traditional water-soluble fertilizer and a control treatments were applied (10-20 g·plant-1). Data were analyzed in a randomized block design. The evaluation (2006- 2010) considered survival, tree growth and weed covers. The survival was between 84 and 96 %, with no difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The CRF growth responses were higher than the control and similar to the water- soluble fertilizer. The highest yields of the trees during the fourth year were obtained with the CRF use (+42% input). The CRF gave better response with higher doses or more prolonged release periods. The response was different between sites, in both, soil structure and its nutrient supply. The growth was diminished with a weed cover higher than 30 % in the plantation.
References
Albaugh, T. J., Rubilar, R., Álvarez, J., & Allen, H. L. (2004). Radiata pine response to tillage, fertilization, and weed control in Chile. Bosque, 25(2), 5–16. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-92002004000200002&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en
Álvarez, J., Rodríguez, J., & Suárez, D. (1999). Mejoramiento de la productividad de plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don, a través de un modelo racional de fertilización. Bosque, 20(1), 23–36. http://mingaonline.uach.cl/pdf/bosque/v20n1/art03.pdf
Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales (CIREN). (2001). Estudio Agrológico X Región. Descripciones de suelos, materiales y símbolos. Santiago, Chile: Autor.
Erro, J., Urrutia, O., San Francisco, S. J., & García-Mina, M. (2007). Development and agronomical validation of new fertilizer compositions of high bioavailability and reduced potential nutrient losses. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 7831– 7839. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0708490
Fan, Z., Moore, J. A., Shafii, B., & Osborne, B. J. (2002). Three-year response of ponderosa pine seedlings to controlled-release fertilizer applied at planting. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 3, 154–164. http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/iftnc/Bibliography/2002_Fan,%20Z.%20et%20al.%20Supplemental%20Report%20No.%203Three-ear%20Response%20of%20Ponderosa%20.pdf
Gerding, V., Schlatter, J. E., & Barriga, J. (1986). Fertilización para elestablecimiento de Pinus radiata D. Don en Valdivia. Bosque, 7(2), 121–128. http://mingaonline.uach.cl/pdf/bosque/v7n2/art08.pdf
Gerding, V., & Schlatter, J. (1988). Fertilización para el establecimiento de Pinus radiata D. Don en Valdivia. Evaluación al quinto año. Valdivia, Chile: Universidad Austral de Chile.
Haase, D. L., Rose, R., & Trobaug, H. J. (2006). Field performance of three stock sizes of Douglas-fir container seedlings grown with slow-release fertilizer in the nursery growing medium. New Forests, 31, 1–24. http://classes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/for442/sites/default/files/images/2006%20Haase%20et%20al%20New%20For%20slow%20release%20fert.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA). (1989). Mapa agroclimático de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Ministerio de Agricultura.
Iyer, J., Dobrahner, J., Lowery, B., & Vandettey, J. (2002). Slow reléase fertilizers in bareroot nurseries. In R. K. Dumroese, L. E.Riley, & T. D. Landis (Eds.), National proceedings: Forest andconservation nursery associations 1999, 2000, and 2001 (pp. 112–119). USA: USDA, Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Jacobs, D. (2005). Variation in nutrient release of polymer-coated fertilizers. In R. K. Dumroese, L. E. Riley, & T. D. Landis (Eds.), National proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2004 (pp. 113–116). USA: USDA, Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Jacobs, D. F., Rose, R., & Haase, D. L. (2003). Development of Douglas- fir seedling root architecture in response to localized nutrient supply. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33, 118– 125. doi: https://doi.org/10.11391X02-160
Jacobs, D. F., Salifu, K. F., & Seifert, J. R. (2005). Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at outplanting. Forest Ecology and Management, 214, 28–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.053
Klooster, W. S., Cregg, B. M., Fernández, R. T., & Nzokou, P. (2010). Growth and photosynthetic response of pot-in-pot-grown conifers to substrate and controlled-release fertilizer. HortScience, 45, 36–42. http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/45/1/36.full.pdf+html
Landis, T., Dumroese, R., & Kasten, R. (2009). Using polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizers in the nursery and after outplanting. Forest Nursery Notes 29(1), 5–12. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2009_landis_t001.pdf
Miller, H. G. (1981). Forest fertilization: Some guiding concepts. Forestry, 54, 157–167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/54.2.157
Oliet, J., Planelles, R., Artero, F., Valverde, R., Jacobs, D., & Segura, M. (2009). Field performance of Pinus halepensis planted in Mediterranean arid conditions: Relative influence of seedling morphology and mineral nutrition. New Forests, 37, 313–331. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-008-9126-3
Rodríguez, J. (1991). Manual de fertilización. Santiago, Chile: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Rodríguez, J., Pinochet, D., & Matus, F. J. (2001). Fertilización de los cultivos. Santiago, Valdivia, Talca, Chile: LOM Ediciones.
Rose, R., Haase, D., & Arellano, E. (2004). Fertilizantes de entrega controlada: Potencial para mejorar la productividad de la reforestación. Bosque, 25(2), 89–100. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-92002004000200009&script=sci_arttext
Sadzawka, A., Carrasco, M., Grez, R., Mora, M., Flores, H., & Neaman, A. (2006). Métodos de análisis recomendados para los suelos de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Instituto de investigaciones Agropecuarias.
Sadzawka, A., Carrasco, M. A., Demanet, R., Flores, P. H., Grez, R., Mora, G. M. L., & Neaman, A. (2007). Métodos de análisis de tejidos vegetales (2a ed.). Santiago, Chile: Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias.
Schlatter, J., Grez, R., & Gerding, V. (2003). Manual para el reconocimiento de suelos. Valdivia, Chile: Universidad Austral de Chile.
Sokal, R., & Rohlf, F. J. (1979). Biometría: Principios y métodos estadísticos en la investigación biológica. Madrid, España: Blume.
Trichet, P., Bakker, M., Augusto, L., Alazard, P., Merzeau, D., & Saur, E. (2009). Fifty years of fertilization experiments on Pinus pinaster in Southwest France: The importance of phosphorus as a fertilizer. Forest Science, 55(5), 390–402. http://gpf-sud-gironde.e-monsite.com/medias/files/trichet-50-ans-dexperimentation-de-fertilisation-phosphatee.pdf
Vance, C. P., Uhde-Stone, C., & Allan, D. L. (2003). Phosphorus acquisition and use: Critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist, 157, 423–447. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.x
Venegas, R., & Palazuelos, R. (1999). Control químico de malezas arbustivas y arbóreas en plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don. Bosque, 20(1), 79–88. http://mingaonline.uach.cl/pdf/bosque/v20n1/art08.pdf
Vergara, R., Ipinza, R., & Pérez, E. (1995). Manual de cruzamientos controlados para Pinus radiata D. Don. Valdivia, Chile: Cooperativa de Mejoramiento Genético, UACH, CONAF y empresas forestales.
Will, G. M. (1985). Nutrient deficiencies and fertiliser use in New Zealand exotic forests. New Zealand: Forest Research Institute.
Woods, P., Nambiar, E., & Smethurst, P. (1992). Effect of annual weeds on water and nitrogen availability to Pinus radiata trees in a young plantation. Forest ecology and management, 48, 145– 163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90127-U
Zerihun, A., & Montagu, K. D. (2004). Belowground to aboveground biomass ratio and vertical root distribution responses of mature Pinus radiata stands to phosphorus fertilization at planting. Canadian Journal of Forest
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2012 Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente