Palabras clave
material lignocelulósico
flavonoides
minerales
contenido fenólico
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción. México es el decimotercer país productor de cacao con una producción anual de 20 000 toneladas (0.4 % de la producción mundial). Las cáscaras de vaina de cacao (CVC) representan una oportunidad para la extracción de productos de valor agregado debido a sus propiedades químicas.
Objetivo. Determinar la actividad antioxidante, el perfil mineral y los principales constituyentes químicos de CVC (Theobroma cacao L. var. Carmelo).
Materiales y métodos. Los principales constituyentes orgánicos e inorgánicos de la muestra de CVC se identificaron y cuantificaron mediante técnicas analíticas de la Asociación Técnica de las Industrias de Pulpa y Papel (TAPPI), Sociedad Estadounidense para Ensayos y Materiales (ASTM) y otros métodos reportados en la literatura.
Resultados y discusión. El contenido extraíble en disolventes orgánicos representó 19.4 %. El material lignocelulósico estuvo conformado por 30.5 % de celulosa, 19 % de hemicelulosa, 23.3 % de lignina y 7.7 % de cenizas. El contenido fenólico total fue 24.59 ± 0.93 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico∙g-1 y el contenido de flavonoides fue 2.35 ± 0.24 mg equivalentes de catequina∙g-1. Con respecto a la actividad antioxidante, se determinaron 304.84 ± 57.59 mg equivalentes de trolox para ABTS (ácido 2,2′-azino-bis[3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico]) y 145.80 ± 3.84 mg equivalentes de trolox para FRAP (poder antioxidante férrico reductor).
Conclusiones. La CVC es una fuente viable de lignina y sus contenidos de celulosa y hemicelulosa tienen potencial como fuente de carbohidratos en la producción de biocombustibles; además, el contenido elevado de polifenoles y su capacidad antioxidante la posicionan como una fuente prometedora para la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica.
Citas
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