Palabras clave
agua
tratamiento
humedales artificiales
inteligencia artificial
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Resumen
El uso de humedales artificiales (HA) para el tratamiento de aguas grises constituye una alternativa sustentable frente a las limitaciones técnicas y económicas de los sistemas convencionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la utilidad de ChatGPT versión GPT-4o como herramienta de apoyo en el diseño preliminar de HA para el tratamiento de aguas grises domésticas. Se desarrolló una metodología basada en un ‘prompt’ estructurado que permitió integrar al modelo información sobre caudal, características fisicoquímicas del agua residual y restricciones presupuestales para generar alternativas de configuración, materiales, vegetación y operación. La propuesta generada fue posteriormente contrastada con criterios técnicos y literatura especializada para valorar su pertinencia. Como resultado, ChatGPT propuso un humedal subsuperficial de flujo horizontal (HSSF) para un caudal de 160 L·día⁻¹, con un costo estimado de aproximadamente $12,000 MXN y eficiencias preliminares de remoción de 80–90 % para DBO₅, de 70–85 % para DQO y SST de 85–95 %, rangos consistentes con valores reportados en la literatura. Los resultados sugieren que los modelos de lenguaje pueden facilitar la integración de información y la generación de alternativas durante las etapas iniciales del diseño. Sin embargo, sus propuestas requieren verificación mediante criterios de ingeniería, literatura especializada y validación experimental. Por tanto, ChatGPT puede utilizarse como herramienta complementaria en el diseño conceptual de HA, particularmente en contextos con recursos técnicos o económicos limitados.
Citas
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