Current Topics in Agronomic Science

UTILISATION OF NATIVE FORAGES FOR THE ELABORATION OF REGIONAL NUTRICIONAL BLOCKS AS A GOAT FEED SUPPLEMENT

J. Encarnación García-Portuguez — 2022-12-21

Using a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and three repetitions, an experimental trial was carried to evaluate the technical-productive and economic viability of incorporating foliage from the tree called graft (Psittcanthus calyculatus) in regional nutritional blocks (BNR). In phase I, BNR-1 (Urea 5%, molasses 40%, common salt 4%, cal 6%, cement 4%, sorghum mill stubble 24%, minerals 2% and mill foliage from tree called graft 15%) and BNR-2 (Urea 5%, molasses 40%, common salt 4%, lime 6%, cement 4%, sorghum ground stubble 14%, minerals 2% and mill foliage from tree called graft 25%) were elaborated. The treatments were: T-0: Goats that did not receive any type of BNR; T-1: Goats that received BNR-1 and T-2: Goats that received BNR-2. The BNR-2 showed better physical (hardness) and chemical characteristics (24.70% crude protein and 10.65% crude fiber), with costs of MN $4.40/Kg. In Phase II the test of productive behavior was carried out, being the different BNR preferred in the same way by the goats and the supplementation with any of the BNR improved the weight gains (P<0.05). The artisanal elaboration of BNR was simple and economic and promotes the efficient use of regional natural resources. It emphasizes the importance of rescuing and strengthening the roots of the rural population in local productive agricultural activities under schemes of sustainability and technological innovation and with own resources.

RELEVANCE OF COLD CHAIN FOR MEAT PRODUCTS FOCUSING ON PORK MEAT

Ilse Patricia Hernández-Magos — 2022-12-21

La implementación de la cadena de frío, en conjunto con sistemas de gestión de calidad e inocuidad alimentaria, constituyen herramientas utilizadas para extender la vida de anaquel en productos perecederos. El almacenamiento bajo condiciones de refrigeración evita el crecimiento de bacterias patógenas y otros microorganismos asociados al deterioro de la carne. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la gestión de la cadena de frío en carne de porcino fresca en cuatro supermercados ubicados en Texcoco de Mora, Estado de México. Se registró la temperatura de la superficie del producto ubicado en distintas posiciones dentro de los refrigeradores de autoservicio en los supermercados. Los datos fueron analizados con un modelo mixto para mediciones repetidas en el tiempo y un diseño experimental completamente al azar. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que 3 de los 4 supermercados evaluados se encontraron sobre el límite de temperatura establecido en la NOM-213-SSA1-2018. Estos abusos de temperatura pueden asociarse a la baja eficiencia de los equipos de refrigeración y a la incorrecta implementación de buenas prácticas de manejo realizadas por el operador. Los supermercados que incumplieron con la norma no son capaces de asegurar la calidad de sus productos, esencialmente en lo que corresponde a la inocuidad alimentaria

Determination of rice seed costs in La Mojana subregion in Colombia

Antonio María Martínez Reina — 2022-12-21

The seed is the basic input to produce any agricultural production system, on which the yields and economic benefits derived by the farmer from the crop depend and on which the subsistence of his family nucleus depends. Producing seed has not been a common practice and therefore there is little information about the costs of seed production, for this reason this work aimed to calculate the production costs of regional rice seed by small farmers. The geographical framework was the Mojana region located in the Caribbean of Colombia in the municipalities of Ahi, Majagual, San Jacinto del Cauca and Ayapel. The data was collected through workshops with producers in the four locations using the consensus method to arrive at the formulation of cost patterns, emphasizing that the purpose of production is that of regional rice seed. Calculations of unit cost of production, return indicators such as the profitability of rice seed production, the gross margin and the cost-benefit analysis were made. With average yields of 2085 k ha-1 with a benefit/cost ratio of 2.1, a unit cost of 1379 and a sale price of $2,900. It is concluded that the production of rice for seed generates greater economic benefits than that of rice for human consumption.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND EFFECTS ON THE CONDENSATION STRIP OF THE FOG FOREST IN THE SIERRA OTOMI-TEPEHUA, HIDALGO

Castelán-Lorenzo Castelán-Lorenzo — 2022-12-21

The mountain cloud foresto f the Sierra Otomi-Tepehua, Hidalgo has undergone changes due to climate change, mainly in the temperatura and precipitation parameters. This has mainly altered the ecosystem and its components. The objective of this study was to compare two time periods to find evidence of chenge in temperatura and precipitation and, bases on the temperatura análisis, to observe the behavior of the humidity condensation band according to the IPCC. The sensitivity method was used, establiching four temperature ranges (1, 2, 4 and 6 °C), identifying the current humidity condensation height, which allowed knowing future changes. As results, an increase in temperatura of 0.47 °C and a decrease in precipitation of 133 mm in the region were found, affecting the area’s humidity condensation strip, which tends to move with an increase of 2 °C. With the probable changes, the atmospheric humidity would no longer condense in the mountain cloud forest, making its conservation and restoration necessary.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND YIELD IN STRAWBERRY WITH SHEEP MANURE COMPOST AND PEAT

Guillermo Calderón-Zavala — 2022-12-21

Compost allows for sustainable handle of home organic residuals and decreases cost production of small-scale horticultural systems. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of compost addition to soilless media on the growth, yield, and physiology of three strawberry cultivars. The Mexican cultivars ‘Jacona’ and ‘Zamorana’ and the commercial ‘Festival’ were grown inside a glasshouse on either of two media mixtures: peat+perlite (1:1; v/v) or compost+peat+perlite (2:1:1; v/v). Compost was made of sheep manure and the Steiner solution was the mineral source. Readings of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, SPAD units were performed periodically and dry weight from organs was determined six times. The addition of compost resulted in less total plant dry weight during the fruiting season and lower SPAD values throughout the experiment; however, photosynthesis was affected by compost only just before fruiting period compared with plants growing without compost. Dry matter remobilization during fruiting apparently explains the lack of effect of compost on total plant yield. As a conclusion, SPAD units and total plant dry matter are negatively affected by sheep manure compost during strawberry fruiting, but total plant yield is not affected by compost apparently explained by dry matter remobilization in the plant from roots and leaves to fruits.