Keywords
biocontrol
phytopathogens
antagonism
How to Cite
Abstract
Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the main diseases affecting pepper production. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of methanolic extracts from leaves of Agave striata and stems of Fouquieria splendens from the Chihuahuan Desert against F. oxysporum under in vitro and in vivo conditions in greenhouse-grown pepper crop. Fungal identification was conducted using taxonomic keys and molecular analysis. Antifungal activity was assessed through a microdilution approach using concentrations ranging from 3.9 to 2 000 mg∙L-1, to determine the 50 and 90 % inhibitory concentrations. Additionally, cellular damage induced in F. oxysporum was examined, and the in vivo effectiveness of the extracts was evaluated. The in vitro results showed that A. striata and F. splendens inhibited 100 % of fungal growth at concentration of 1 000 and 250 mg∙L-1, respectively. Both extracts induced vacuolization and cytoplasmic disorganization in the fungal structures. Under in vivo conditions, the extract of F. splendens completely controlled the disease, while A. striata reduced its severity. These findings confirm the potential of these extracts as biocontrol agents against F. oxyporum in pepper.
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